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ARES V: NASA to assess human rated version

Rob Coppinger
 on November 21, 2008 10:26 PM | | Comments (32)
|
Ares V launch.jpg
credit: NASA

In a surprise move NASA has included studies to assess the human rating of the Ares V cargo launch vehicle's (CaLV) core stage in its draft statement of work (DSOW) for its request for information for the CaLV

Hyperbola has obtained a copy of the DSOW. Is this the beginnng of the end for the Ares I crew launch vehicle (CLV)?

click on all images in this blog post to see larger versions in the same browser window
The decision to undertake the study reverses a major decision NASA took after the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster and subsequent accident investigation, that crew and cargo would be launched on separate vehicles. The Ares I, with its solid rocket booster first-stage and the new upper stage powered by the J-2X engine, was selected to orbit the Orion crew exploration vehicle

The Ares V was to launch the Earth departure stage (EDS) and Altair lunar lander into low Earth orbit, from where it would dock with the Orion and then the EDS would perform the Trans-Lunar Injection (TLI) burn. According to the DSOW the Ares V must be capable of putting 187,700kg into a 240km (149miles) orbit

NASA did study a booster called Ares IV that would use a CLV upper stage with an Ares V core stage to launch an Orion. The agency examined its use for a near Earth object mission where two astronauts would go to an asteroid passing through cislunar space

Constellation programme manager Jeff Hanley told Flight that Ares IV would "remain under study for the foreseeable future."

However, we now know that NASA wants the core stage assessed for human rating as table 6.2A's row 6-B-07, from the RFI's draft statement of work, shows below

ares v core dsow.JPG
credit: NASA Ares V RFI DSOW

And NASA wants the EDS assessed for human rating as table 5-2A's point 5-B-07 also shows. This was likely to always be the case because the EDS would perform the TLI burn for the manned Altair/Orion stack

ares v eds dsow.JPG
credit: NASA Ares V RFI DSOW

The assessment of the core stage means NASA could be looking to develop an Ares IV or simply make the entire Ares V human rated, following Apollo's Saturn V example, as a way of avoiding the need to launch a CLV for Earth orbit rendezvous

The DSOW says of Ares V, "NASA is responsible for the integration of the primary elements of the Ares V Launch Vehicle and the design of the Ares V vehicle and elements, including technical and programmatic integration of the Elements and Government-furnished property.  NASA will lead the effort to develop the concept of operations, requirements and refining the design concepts."

32 Comments

Rob,
Is it really that surprising? They've been talking about man-rating Ares V over a year ago. I know that that was Doug Stanley's preference--he never really liked the 1.5 launch concept as much as a 2 launch concept.

~Jon

MT Rob Coppinger

Jon,

who has been talking about man rating the Ares V for over a year? I speak to NASA all the time, its PAO over the phone and its engineers and programme managers face-to-face at conferences and other events. None of them have ever talked about man rating Ares V.

I also monitor as much internal documentation as I can and that has never before mentioned human rating the core stage. I occasionally check NASASpaceflight.com and I don't recall seeing anything there either and that site has a disturbing amount of internal presentations etc. How they get that I have no idea. I hope its not illegally.

I don't want to sound offended, I'm not, or condescending but I think I need to briefly explain the environment inwhich journalists work.

People who work in an industry often hear rumours, some true, some not. The blogosphere lives off those rumours.

If those rumours can be substantiated by a journalist by having some one involved in the issue that is being gossiped about confirm the information then you have a story. Or if an official goes on the record and confirms something, you have a story.

To give you an example, before the boosters we call Ares today were unveiled NASA officials talked openly about "shuttle derived" rockets as an option for Constellation for quite some time but no one had actually gone on the record and confirmed that they had selected the "inline" launchers. Despite the fact that you could see models of the Ares I and V on exhibits for every company at industry events but those companies would not confirm the likelihood of the rockets being chosen.

So when I spoke to Christopher Shank, special assistant to NASA administrator Michael Griffin, and he confirmed the selection of what we call Ares today, I wrote a story on it

http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2005/08/23/201125/nasa-picks-rocket-for-return-to-moon.html

At the time Charles Lurio (sorry Charles for dragging you into this) said exactly what you said in your comment above.

But a NASA PA official said to me later, "You're not getting me into trouble like the way you got Chris Shanks into trouble". So clearly, despite all the trailing of the issue in speeches and innuendo about selection, and models on exhibits, NASA was not happy that its final and public decision had been pre-empted by an unguarded comment by someone in a senior position

So you can see that there is a, significance shall we say, between rumour and internal presentations (that can be explained away as discussions) and an officially published document that clearly shows an intention by NASA that has not been publicly acknowledged or discussed on the record by senior agency officials previously.

So under a journalist's definition of what is news, it's news. Again, I am not offended and don't want to sound condescending but I just wanted you, and others, to understand the logic and approach reporters take.

Rob.

Derek Beebe

Hip hip hurrah! Finally a sensible move and may it turn out to be a fruitful one. Ares I or 'the stick', doesn't have the potential to be a valuable instrument in exploring deep space. Now let's wait what Obama and Congress think of all this.

Dwayne Day

This has _always_ been a baseline assumption for the Ares V, although they were not actively working on it. If you were at the September NASA Industry Day at the US Chamber of Commerce in Washington, DC (I believe that the video is available on the web, you can Google it) Steve Cook mentioned that they were "preserving" that option. If you wanted confirmation, then it goes back at least to September.

http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/278840main_7603_Cook-AresV_Lunar_Ind_Day_Charts_9-25%20Final%20rev2.pdf

(Chart 3 can be read either way, but Cook was specifically asked about this and responded that they were "preserving" the human rated option. Check the video on the web.)

I heard the same comment in August at a workshop, and several months earlier at a meeting. And the people who did the study of sending humans to a NEO a couple of years ago also assumed that and were told that it was an option back then. If you look hard enough through Griffin interviews, you should be able to find one or more examples of him saying that he told the Ares V team to preserve that option. Cook said in September that that was their marching orders from Griffin.

Now they haven't done active planning on this, but one of their concerns when increasing the length of the Ares V was preserving room at the top for a launch abort system.

So this is not really _new_ news and does not signify any change in the program. The only change is that they are now actually doing studies of an option that they chose to preserve in the design.

MT Rob Coppinger

I disagree Dwayne. When you say it "does not signify any change in the program," well sorry but it does.

And your argument is similar to Jon's and it goes like this, "I've heard about it so it isn't news"

Well 99% of my readers do not work on NASA rocket programmes or any rocket programme. We are an aerospace news organisation, the definition of news is "new information of interest to the reader," and so for the 99.9% of aerospace engineers and managers who don't get to go to NASA industry days, this decision to spend money on evaluating a man rated version of the core and EDS stages is going to be new and of interest

FYI Journalists don't get to go to industry days, only industry and sometimes NASA publishes the presentations on the web and sometimes it doesn't. I have never come across video from industry days or the technical interchange meetings, if that is what you are referring too

So, as you are part of a tiny elite who get the inside track on Constellation you may think that it's not a change but the rest of us do. No doubt NASA will appreciate your 'its not a story' angle. What contract are you hoping for Dwayne, as you attended that industry day?

Consider for a moment the arguments, the rhetoric, we have heard from NASA for years now. Separate cargo from crew, different launch vehicles, CLV for crew, CaLV for Altair, 1.5 launches architecture, shuttle derived, external tank manufacturing technology to be used for the core stage etc etc

I have googled for that video. NASA industry day September 2008 produces nothing. Under video or web searches. I am aware of a 20 November industry day but no September day.

I have met Griffin a number of times, I monitor his public statements, our DC office (I work in London, England) does also, and man rating Ares V has never been mentioned. I would remember. Please feel free to find such a speech and send it to me

I have interviewed at length Phil Sumrall and met with other Ares V guys and I can assure that at no time did any of them ever mention man rating Ares V, and I have never read anything in Aviation Week to the contrary either

I have sat through so many Constellation presentations at AIAA organised conferences and others you would not believe and have never heard this man rating option ever

So, I hope that is clear enough ;-)

Dwayne Day

Google "NASA Chamber of Commerce September" and get this:

http://www.uschamber.com/webcasts/2008/080925_intl_nasa.htm

There are two issues here: 1-is it a change? 2-when is it "news"? It's not a change. As you can see from the video, it was talked about publicly at least as early as September 25. 2-I don't really care.

"What contract are you hoping for"

Why go ad hominem on someone who corrects you and provides information? I watched the industry day briefing on NASA TV where it was carried live and then repeated at least once. The "story" is almost two months old at least. Just because you missed the story doesn't mean you have to beat up on those who correct you.

I think its hilarious how quickly people are willing to jump on the 'that's the way it always was intended' bandwagon. That phenomenon alone indicates the severe problems the Constellation program is having with dysfunctional vehicle designs, vehicles which in any rational world would have never left the design napkin.

It's called denial. Denial that we as citizens could have screwed up so badly, and we as citizens have stood by while our legacy in space was slowly dismantled.

MT Rob Coppinger

But by YOU not NASA. As interesting as your website can be the point Dwayne is making is that NASA decided this a while back. Sorry but you announcing your point of view 30-months ago that CaLV should carry people is not quite the same

.

everytime I publish a new article on my website and on my ghostNASA blog I open/write (in the same days) several threads/posts on several space forums and blogs around the world (mainly in USA, UK and Germany) that are DAILY read by NASA officials and engineers

also, I've two web visits counters on (both) my website and blog, and their logs say me that both sites receive hundreds visits per month from universities, space fourms and blogs, aerospace companies and SPACE AGENCIES... (and mainly from the most famous Space Agency of the world...)

.

.

BTW, I agree on your point about the orbital refuel issues and in my comments in this Gravity Loss post I explain why:

http://gravityloss.wordpress.com/2008/11/21/flex-flexible-exploration-architecture/

.

MT Rob Coppinger

Good to know someone does!

MT Rob Coppinger

I don't know what you mean by ad hominem, I am not against you. I am certainly not beating up on you. Just because I disagree does not mean it is something personal. I even put a smiley at the end of my message.

I was simply asking a question about the contract as you seemed to be someone who had actually attended it rather than, as we now know, just watched the video.

I realised later that you were talking about the lunar exploration briefing day that media were invited too and my DC based colleague John Croft attended it and wrote this

http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2008/10/04/316683/nasa-to-request-ares-v-altair-technology-ideas-in-january.html

The NASA rebroadcast was later that day and I was not able to watch it as they were so late at night for us here in the UK. Two weeks before that lunar briefing I had attended the AIAA Space 2008 conference in San Diego and then on 29 September I was at the International Astronautical Congress (IAC) in Glasgow

You can watch my video of Steve Creech's Ares V briefing at the IAC here
http://www.flightglobal.com/blogs/hyperbola/2008/10/iac-2008-video-ares-v-briefing.html

The crew carrying Ares V comments you referred to begin at 2h 6min 15s in the lunar briefing chamber of commerce webcast video. I can understand now why John Croft didn't report those human rating comments because Hanley says that while they have never precluded that option it limits the payload to the Moon surface capability (not Steve Cook as you recollected) and Cook says that the 1.5 launch architecture is much safer than launching people on Ares V and he is clearly against the idea

I still maintain that the SDOW human rating study requirement is news because it means that they are actually doing something about what would be needed to achieve it rather than leaving it as simply an entirely theoretical option for the future

Thanks for the video link Dwayne I have put it up as a blog post and thanked you in the blurb text that goes with it

A separate vehicle for humans was the way to go, as Hale Wayne indirectly pointed out in the black zones blog. It's horribly inefficient to send cargo & humans in a single launch.

"According to the DSOW the Ares V must be capable of putting 187,700kg into a 240km (149miles) orbit"

Holy smokes! Is that accurate? Last I had heard a complete Ares V with EDS was only able to put up around 135,000kg into LEO.

MT Rob Coppinger

Well it is from NASA's own draft statement of work so if it isn't the agency has a problem. Remember "LEO" is quite a large orbital range from as little as 200km up to 1,200km

MT Rob Coppinger

And Steve Cook reiterated that and the belief that it is safer in his September industry day comments. I have heard the conspiracy theory that a double launch with EOR was always the plan and that Ares I is an elaborate ploy to keep SRB production going. I guess you would have Altair on one Ares V launch and Orion on another. I am not sure what you do about EDS, whether you have a smaller EDS with Altair and make Altair larger and on the other you have another small EDS but with a beefed up Orion SM, and the TLI point for this new double-EDS, Altair 2.0, Orion stack could enable global access for the Moon where as at the moment it is only 80% - that statement was made by an Altair project office guy at the AIAA Space 2008 conference. A beefed up Orion SM would help with emergency anywhere anytime return

Actually if the Ares V is supposed to have as much payload to orbit as 187 tonnes, then to heck with suspicions of double launch or the Ares I either for that matter. Because with that much payload capacity '1.5 launch' EOR architecture could be done away with completely.

The payload difference between 187 tonnes and the earlier reported 135 tonnes is more than the mass of the Orion spacecraft. Now it's possible to use the classic Apollo type single launch lunar architecture by placing the Orion spacecraft on top of the Ares V launch vehicle stack.

MT Rob Coppinger

But the 187mT is only to 240km orbit. With Saturn V you had a 43mT TLI capability, more than halving its baseline LEO capability, because low Earth orbit begins at 200km and ends at 1,200km. This is related to the whole EELV, Orion question. At what altitude is Ares V pushing its 71mT EDS/Altair stack, even if it can achieve 187mT at 240km? And at what point does Orion dock with that stack? And what is needed to go to a polar landing site? It's a heck more oomph than an equitorial landing site.

.

if the Orion's LAS is safe enough to save the astronauts of an Ares-1 launch abort, then, it's safe enough to save the astronauts of an aborted Ares-5 launch

the real problem to man-rate the Ares-5 isn't its safety, but its ACCELERATION that must be kept under 3.5 G changing its (cargo-only) flight profile

.

MT Rob Coppinger

I agree, as I said in an earlier reply, its that faster steeper trajectory that the likes of the EELV are designed for that people forget about.

http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/history/apollo/apollo-11/apollo-11.html

For Apollo 11 the orbit around Earth before TLI was not very high.

Apogee 186 km

Perigee 183 km

MT Rob Coppinger

But that was for equitorial, not polar landings

Whether a missions arrival is a direct landing, such a Mars Phoenix Lander, an equatorial orbit such as Apollo or a polar orbit such as MRO makes no difference to the Earth departure burn. An ideal Earth departure is to make the burn at as low a perigee as possible.

MT Rob Coppinger

That's not what Phil Sumrall told me and Frank Morring at the 3rd space exploration conference. I'll address this issue soon, I am about to email NASA about talking to them about the Ares V RFI draft statement of work, but it is Thanksgiving week so don't expect much.

http://www.spaceflightnow.com/mars/phoenix/070804launch.html

Phoenix Lander parking orbit 170 km altitude before TMI.

http://mpfwww.jpl.nasa.gov/mro/mission/lv_booster2.html

Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter parking orbit 185 km altitude before TMI.

Hi Rob,

I found a recent NASA document which says the lunar mission Ares V will TLI from a 185 km circular orbit inclined 29 degrees.

MT Rob Coppinger

web url?

curious American

The industry day was open to to the media. A number of media attended. Dwayne is right, this is old news as is the Ares IV (crewed) concept which has been raised in multiple press events. Dwayne was trying to be helpful and you dump on him. Nice guy. If you do not like trying to cover another nation's space program from your country then move here to cover it.

MT Rob Coppinger

As I have already said, our DC office senior editor John Croft attended. But it is not the case that all NASA industry days are open to the media. I travel to the US often to cover the US space programme. I haven't dumped on anyone. Not agreeing with someone is not dumping on them. I am allowed my own opinion. Sadly a downside of these comment systems is that some people think it is an opportunity to rant rather than be constructive.

Gabe Kamp

Robbie, I think that I have it figured out now ... if I am nice to you you publish my response!

I'm not fishing for publicity ... if anything I can say can be of help to you I am glad.

You are right ... nothing on man-rating Ares V till now.

I hate paper aeroplanes (rockets) ... Ares IV does not have a mission. Who is going to pay for that?

Orbital mechanics is tricky ... best leave it alone. LEO is an orbit you don't fall out of immediately. A parking orbit for the moon is more a question of inclination than apogee/perigee. Be a couple of degrees off at TLI and you will be over the lunar poles not the equator.

They will have a very hard time (as in never) man-rating the booster.
Have you ever seen a Delta IV Heavy at lift-off? The base is enveloped in a huge cloud of flame from hyrogen leaks from the RS-68s. I don't think installing shuttle-type sparklers will take care of this. The best way to man-rate Ares V is to replace the RS-68s with SSMEs. Watch this spot.

A single launch to the moon with a 'rational' Ares V saves the whole Ares 1 - thing, eliminates the ridiculous 2-days of boil-off from the EDS waiting for rendezvous. Of course the stack is too tall, etc etc.

I will try to draft up something and pass it on to 'them' while there is still time ..will send you a copy.

Me.

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