The full explanation is on the jump, but basically the UAV goes out the trash tube in a canister, floats to the surface and launches.
Raytheon's caption for the submarine-launched UAV graphic:
(fig. 1) A significant mass is added to the SOTHOC submarine launch vehicle to allow safe separation from the submarine when it is ejected from the TDU (Trash Disposal Unit); (fig. 2) the center of buoyancy and center of gravity of the SLV are offset along the longitudinal axis; after the SLV separates from the submarine, it revolves around the center of buoyancy and begins to shed the deployment weights; the SLV then travels unconstrained to the programmed maximum depth before returning to the surface; (fig. 3) a float collar adds buoyancy to bring unit to surface; (fig. 4) a wind vane deploys; (fig. 5) the water drogue assures stabilization at the surface; (fig. 6) wind vane helps adjust tube direction as required, the launch tube pivots to a 35-degree angle for UAS launching.

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