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Aviation History
1909
1909 - 0166.PDF
MARCH 20, 1909. BRITISH PATENT SPECIFICATIONS. Selected and Abridged by James D. Roots, M.LMech.E., Thanet House, Temple Bar, London. 7he first date given is the date of application; the second at the end, the date of the advertisement of the acceptance of the compkte specification . 24077'. November loth, 1908. Improvementin or connected with Flying Machines. Messrs. Wilbur Wright and Orville Wright, of 1,127, WestThird Street, Dayton, Ohio, U.S.A., now of Pau, France. This invention relates to flying machinesof the aeroplane type, and the object of the invention is improvements in their lateral balancing ; the objectis the realisation of this balancing by the arrange- ment, on the right and left-hand sides of thesemachines, of movable wings capable of being pre- sented to the air at different angles of incidence, of wood of good quality, or of light metal rods. 1 hetwo frames of the aeroplanes are covered with cloth, the rear transverse side, <*', of each frame is formedof a central part, and of two side portions jointed at b. The deformations of the aeroplanes areobtained by means of a cable, 4, fixed at its ends to the rear movable corners of the wings of the upperaeroplane, and passed under guides, 5, ca-ried by the frame of the lower aeroplane by means of smallbrackets, 6. Between these guides the cable can be moved, either towards the right or towards the left, FIG--1. 6f 9 L--—•-•L~ _——— ]/ s // combined with surfaces the resistance of which to themovement of advance can be regulated synchronously with that of the horizontal wings. The apparatuscomprises horizontal planes for aeroplanes, the lateral wings of which are movable, regulatable resistancesarranged upon the right and left-hand sides of the machine, and capable of modifying the resistance toadvance of the right and left-hand wings. Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a flying machine. Fig. 2 is ahorizontal section taken below the upper aeroplane. . In the?e figures is represented a flying machine,comprising aeroplaes placed one over the other, and connected to each other, and of which the lateralportions or wings are adapted to move about hori- zontal axes, so as to give to the aeroplanes a heli-coidal torsion, determining upon each wing the different angles of incidence. The aeroplanes areindicated at 1 and 2 ; they are connected to each other by means of rigid rods or bars, 3, fixed at theiropposite ends by means of flexible or universal joints. Each aeroplane is formed by a rectangularframe, of which the greater length is perpendicular to the line of flight of the machine ; this frame is ofmaterials which unite the necessary resistance with the desired degree of flexibility, being, for example, by an auxiliary cable, 8», carried back by a guide, 4",on to a drum, 7, mounted upon a shaft, 8. This shaft is solidly fixed in supports, 9, carried by thelower aeroplane. This drum is provided with a handle, 10, and a brake, n, which prevents it fromrotating about the shaft; a clamping-screw, 12, permits the friction on the shaft to be regulated. Asecond cable, 13, is fixed at its ends to the lower wings, and carried back on to the guides, 14, of theupper aeroplane. By means of these cables, a single movement of the handle, 10, communicates a heli-coidal torsion to the right and left-hand ends of the two aeroplanes, presenting them to the atmosphereat different angles of incidence, which permits, by the regulation of the angles of incidence, of keepingand re-establishing the lateral balance of the machine, the side presenting the greater angle ofincidence to the atmosphere tending to rise, while the other side tends to descend. This regulation ofthe balance would be perfect if a secondary pheno- menon did not arise to interfere with the new workingof the apparatus. The side of the aeroplane of which the angle of incidence has been augmented presentsa more resisting surface to the movement of advance, and its speed diminishes the opposite wing of the aeroplane, presented at the smaller angle of incidence,,offering a lesser resistance to this movement, moves. more rapidly. For the purpose of opposing thesecondary movements which tend to become pro- duced, there are arranged at the rfghtand left handsof the centre of the machine resistances to the move- ment of advance wings which can be regulatedindividually, for the purpose of creating on the side of the apparatus, presented at the smaller angle orincidence, a supplementary resistance equal to the difference existing between the resistances to theadvance of the right-hand wings and of the left-hand wings, and to thus compel the two :;ides of the aero-plane to move at the same speed. These regulatable resistances are preferably constituted by verticalvanes, 15, each mounted upon a shaft or a vertical rod, 16, the extremities of such shaft being locatedin the upper and lower frames of the aeroplanes near their front edges. Beneath each vertical vane, 15,the shaft carries a pulley, 17, upon which is fixed the end of a cable, iS, the other end of which isattached to the corresponding pu ley, 17, of the vane,. 15, belonging to the other side of the machine. Thecable, iS, is provided with devices for working it, and which allow of the vanes, 5 being acted on.This action on the cable, 18, is jb.tained by means of return julleys 19', and a drurr, 19, mounted uponthe shaft, 8, provided with a handle, 20, and a brake, 21, the drum and the shaft being similar to the drum,7, and the brake, 11. The handle. 20, is preferably arranged parallel and quite nea" 'o tjie handle, 10,so that the handles, 10 a ud 20 may be graspedtogether by one hand, and so tha'. they can be made to act simultaneously on the drums, 7 and 19. Whenthe handle, 20, is moved in one direction or the other, a pull is exerted upon one of the si1 les of the cord, 18,the other side of this cord becon>.es slack. One or the vanes, 15, is thus moved in the desired direction,presents obliquely to the line of flight, and permits the other vane, 15, to return to its normal position,which is parallel to the trajectory of the machine. The brake, 21, serves to maintain '.he vane in its newposition until the drum, 19, has been actuated again to bring it into another, or cause it to resume its.normal direction.—March 4th, 1509. Aeronautical Patents Published. Applied for In 1908. . Published March nth, 1909.' ^ 5,312. S. Y. BEACH AND G. WHITEHEAD. Aero-planes. 9,898. C. R. B. BROWN. Aero lautical machines.11,155. H. H. PIFFAKD. Flying machines. 21,181. R. G. WITT. Toy flying machine.21,445. P. F. DEGN. Flying nkchines. 24,077. W. AND O. WRIGHT. Flying machines. Published March i"Jh, 1909. 19,985. G. DAWS. Dirigible galloons and airships.28,028. R. ESNAULT-PELTERK. Aeroplanes. Published March '-5th, 1909. 5,220. E. J. LESTER AND W. G. BEST. Airships-and aeroplanes. NEW COMPANIES REGISTERED. New Things, Ltd., 38, Berners Street, W.—Capital £50, in Is. shares.—Manufacturers of and dealers in toys, mechanical and electrical devices, models, aeroplanes, flying machines, &c. Phllaerian, Ltd., 9, Great St. Helens, E.C.—Capital ^5,000, in £1 shares. Manufacturers of and dealers in airships, flying machines, and motor vehicles and boats. Scott Snell Scenic Aeroplanes, Ltd., 53, Strand, W.C.— Capital .£20,000, in £1 shares. Under agreement with C. S. Snell and B. Hick, manufacturers of and dealers in aeroplanes, balloons and machines, instruments and appliances for aerial transport, transit, and navigation, &c. NOTICE.—Complaints continue to reach us of the difficulty experienced in obtaining copies of FLIGHT regularly in certain districts. We would therefore point out the desirability of placing a definite order with the local agent to supply a copy EVERY Saturday. FLIGHT. :-..i"' 44, ST. MARTIN'S LANE. LONDON, W.C. Telegraphic address : Truditur, London. Telephone: 1828 Gerrard. SUBSCRIPTION RATES. FLIGHT will be forwarded, post free, to any part of the world at the following rates : — UNITED KINGDOM. ABROAD. 3 6 12 Months, Post I) Free ... s.I 3 6 d. 8 3 6 3 6 12 Months, ,, Post , Free ... 1 • .. . s. 2 s10 d. 6 0 0 Cheques and Post Office Orders should be 'nade payable to the Proprietors of FLIGHT, 44, St. Martin's Lane, W.C., and crossed London and County Bank , otherwise no responsibility will be accepted. NOTICE.—Advertisement instructions should reach the office, 44, St. Martin's Lane, W.C., by first post, Thursday. The latest time for receiving' small alterations for Advertise- ments is 12 noon, Thursday. No alterations can be made after that hour. 168
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