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Aviation History
1909
1909 - 0639.PDF
OCTOBER I6, 1909. transverse struts between the spars, except those formed by the transverse spars of the main decks and tail. It will be noticed on reference to the drawing of this machine, that the longitudinal spars in the tail outrigger converge as they recede from the main decks. The elevator outrigger forms, in elevation, an isosceles triangle with its apex pointing forwards and upwards. Each pair of con- verging spars is braced by a single vertical member and a pair of diagonal wires. The transverse bracing between the two pairs of struts forming the complete outrigger is con- stituted by the bar on which the elevator hinges. The chassis frame is formed by two longitudinal skis, attached by six struts to the main-frame of the flyer, as shown in our drawing; diagonal wires are used to com- plete the bracing as in other parts of the framework. The most interesting detail in the construction of the chassis is the method of mounting the wheels on the ski. They are carried by an axle which is strapped at its centre to the ski by an arrangement of rubber bands, as shown in an accom- panying sketch. Radius rods diverge from the ski to opposite ends of the axle in order to prevent slewing when one wheel strikes an obstacle, but as each radius-rod is separately hinged the axle can tilt as much as is required. When the elastic spring has been stretched to its permis- sible limit, the ski comes in contact with the ground, and takes the load direct. Another frame member which is of particular import- ance, although eminently simple in the Farman flyer, is fastened direct to these spars at rone end, while a pressed steel bracket for the support of the engine is attached at the other extremity. The bracket itself is of " Flight" Copyright. THE FARMAN FLYER.—Sketch showing how the bearers for the engine-and pilot's seat are fastened to the transverse spars of the main frame by U bolts. The inset sketch shows the universal attachment of the control-lever to the side of the fooNrest. quite unusual shape, since its purpose is to provide a support for the stationary crank-shaft of the Gnome rotary engine. Its shape and position are sufficiently well illustrated by the accompanying sketch to need no further reference. " Flight " Copyright. THE FARMAN FLYER.—Sketch of the tail, showingthe arrangement of the double rudder, and the method of bracing the rudder-planes. that which supports the engine and the pilot's seat. It is shown separately in an accompanying sketch, and consists in the main of two wood spars and a simple pressed-stetl bracket. The spars lie fore and aft across the main-deck spars, to which they are clamped by U-bolts in order to avoid drilling the wood. A foot-rest, and a light seat for the pilot, are " Flight'" Copyright. THE FARMAN FLYER.—Sketch showing one of the fourhinged flaps, A, which are let into the trailing edge at the extremities of each main deck. They serve as balancingplanes, and are controlled by a lever. Normally they are. free to adjust themselves to the air stream lines. Supplementary Surfaces. The elevator, tail, rudders and balancing planes com- prise the supplementary surfaces of the Farman flyer. The elevator is a monoplane constructed in three sections 643 U 2
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