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Aviation History
1910
1910 - 0191.PDF
MARCH 12, 1910. other constructional features we purpose describing by the aid of the very complete set of photographs and drawings that accompany this article. The Cylinders. The cylinders'of the Green engine (Fig. 2) are separate steel castings, cylindrical in shape, and closed at their upper ends, except for the passages formed by two chimney-like extensions that enclose the valves. Near the top of the cylinder is a small lateral extension that provides a fitting for the ignition-plug. The valve- (/JJGHTJ flanges are machined smooth and true, and the copper jacket is pressed hard up against them by means of a pair of ring nuts that engage with the screw thread cut upon the exterior of the valve-chambers. Its fastening holds the upper end of the jacket rigidly in p'ace and is also watertight; the lower end of the cylinder jacket is quite free to slide over the rubber ring, but this joint is also watertight. Pipe Work. There remain three orifices in the walls of the water- jacket that have to be sealed. Two coincide with the in- " Flight ' Copyright Fig. 3.—Plan view of the Green engine, showing the disposition of the exhaust-pipe. " Flight" Copyright. Fig. 4.—Sketch showing the coupling used for connecting the induction and exhaust-pipes to the cylinders on the Green engine. chambers themselves are also extended laterally for the attachment of the induction and exhaust-pipes, the nature of the passages thus provided being very clearly illus trated by an accompanying sectional drawing (Fig. 3) showing a plan view of the cylinder. The lower end of the cylinder casting is flanged, the flange being extended at intervals to form five lugs, through which the holding- down bolts pass. These five lugs are not equally spaced round the flange, owing to the offset position of the cylinder on the base-chamber, but four of the holding-down bolts pass right through to the crank-shaft bearing, and the fifth is a stud projecting from the roof of the crank-chamber. Immediately below the flange the cylinder casting projects a little way in order to form a spigot, and a short distance above the flange there is another flange of smaller dimensions that has a grooved periphery. In this groove, a rubber ring is placed, which maintains a water-tight joint for the lower end of the copper jacket. The copper jacket is pressed from the solid sheet and is slightly bell-mouthed at its lower end, so that it can be more readily pushed into place over the rubber ring, which projects a little from the grooved flange. There are only two fittings on the copper jacket of the Green engine, and each is a spigot coupling for the attachment of the water pipe by means of a rubber tube connecting- piece. The jacket itself is fastened in place in a manner that is worthy of description in detail. It will be noticed on reference to one of the accompanying illustrations (Fig. 2) that the copper is perforated in certain places; these holes coincide with the orifices that communicate with the interior of the cylinder casting. When the cylinder-jacket is placed over the cylinder it is pressed down until its upper end rests upon flanges projecting near the extremities of the valve-chamber. These duction and exhaust ports of the valve-chambers, the other adjoins the boss into which the ignition-plug is fastened. Each position is alike in that it occurs on the curved wall of the jacket and cannot therefore be sealed by an ordinary flat-faced nut. The extensions of the cylinder casting now under consideration are all carefully machined in the lathe so that their extremities are rounded off to exactly the same curvature as the copper jacket that " Flight" Copyright. Fig. 5.—View showing the crank-shaft in place in the crank-chamber ; underneath, the aluminium base-chamber is shown separately. abuts against them. By this means a water-tight joint is secured when its two surfaces are pressed together by the aid of a nut bearing upon a suitably shaped washer. The washer that comes between the nut and the copper jacket is a ring of brass, curved on one face to fit the walls of the cylinder jacket, and flat on the other face to 187
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