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Aviation History
1911
1911 - 0253.PDF
MARCH 25, 1911. [fijGhj] o.i^^ir^OF^LAViigmr AEROPLANES. The following features of their exhibits have been supplied by the respective firms in question :— F. T. Bartelt (STAND 72).—An entirely original type of machine invented by Mr. F. T. Bartelt, Chairman of the Poly- sulphin Co., Ltd., of Bristol. At first glance this new invention reminds one in outline of an ordinary biplane, but, scrutinised in detail, it is at once found to be very different. It is true of solid ash, grooved out along the neutral axis to form a channel section. In addition to these, lattice girder work, which is very strong, and, at the same time, light, runs the whole length of the planes, giving increased strength to counteract the upward and backward thrusts imparted to the planes whilst travelling through the air. The sections are cut out to their true form and built up The Bartelt flying machine at Olympia. that there is a wooden propeller, and bicvcle wheels are provided for the runs along the ground when starting or alighting, but the surfaces, which for the moment one may mistake for planes, are, as a matter of fact, movable wings, and in these lies the essence of the invention. There are four wings, two—one above the other—011 each side. The engine—a 40-h.p. aviation engine with four fixed cylinders—works the wings by means of a chain-drive, which actuates a series of cranks. The result is that the wings beat with great force ; when the upper wings have made their stroke, the stroke of the lower wings immediately follows, thus ensuring a smooth continuity in the propulsion. The wings consist of aerocloth laced to frames made of steel tubing. Each frame is 13 ft. long, t2 ft. broad at the base, and 7 ft. at the end, giving the wing a graceful taper. Instead of the aerocloth being strained over the frames as in aeroplanes, a consider able amount of slack is allowed, with the result that at each flap the wing gives the fabric w,!l swell out into a kind of pocket. It s expected that this will give enormous lifting power, and, of course, the sustaining surface will be much bigger than if the wings were flat, or only slightly curved Blackburn Aeroplane Co. (STAND 45). — Blackburn monoplane " Mercury," passenger type. In general design, the machine is com posed of abodv. to which are attached the two sustaining planes and where also is the pilot's seat At the front is the motor and tractor screw and at the rear the tail for stability, at the extremity of which are hinged the controlling planes for direction and alt.tude. The whole is supported by a landing chassis. The following are the characteristics of the " Mercury " :— Rudy.—The body is triangular in section and tapers back wards trom that point where is fixed the pilot's seat, which occupies a position behind the passenger's seat, to the rear. The construction, which is throughout of specially selected English ash, is in the form of a lattice girder, the members of which are butted up to the three main beams in such a manner as to ensure, as much as possible, their working in compression. This mpthod of construction gives great strength and elasticity. The front portion of the fuselage is covered with highly polished veneered wood, and the latter part with fabric, in order to reduce head resistance. Planes.—The main planes are trapezoidal in form. The two main spars on which the sections are built are with wooden cords, forming the ribs to which is attached the fabric. The inner ends of the main spars form the attachment to the fuselage, the rear attachment being pivoted in a manner which will permit of the warping of the planes without causing the slightest strain. Landing Chassis.—The fuselage is supported on a very strong chassis which is composed of two long skids connected to the body by ash struts and strongly braced up with high- tension steel wire. Each skid is borne by a pair of wheels, the axle of which is held down by strong elastic shock-absorbers. On the axle of the wheels are fitted steel springs which take any side thrust caused by the rough nature of the ground or a sideward landing. The whole arrangement allows for a deviation from the straight course. THE BUnCKBURN MONOP1.BNE' Side elevation of the Blackburn monoplane. Tail.—The rear portion of the body carries the tail, formed of a horizontal and vertical plane. These are supported by vertical and horizontal ash beams, to which are. also hinged the elevator and rudders. The whole is supported on a skid attached to the bottom of the vertical beam and carried up to the under portion of the fuselagp. Control.—-The " Blackburn " patented triple control has been designed with the object of effecting all the necessary movements with one control. The three movements can be operated independently or simultaneously by the hand- wheel, leaving the feet free for the control of the engine. The engine speed is controlled by a throttle lever, placed at the side of the pilot's seat,'and also by a foot accelerator pedal operating in conjunction with but independent of the hand lever. By this means the throttle-lever can be set for a minimum or any desired engine speed, and thus, by de pressing the foot-pedal the engine is instantly accelerated. When it is required to retard the speed of the engine, the accelerator-pedal is released, but without any fear of stopping 255
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