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Aviation History
1911
1911 - 0716.PDF
AUGUST 19, 1911. At 4.0.—Cheel at 1,200 metres height flex-gliding up-windat 9 and 10 metres per second. February 19th, 1910.—At 9.46.—A vulture flap-gliding up-wind at 18 metres per second. At 9.47.—This vulture was circling. Speed on up-wind side 7 metres, on down-wind side 12 metres. February 20th, 1910.—At 10.7.—Four vultures seen circling at 400 metres height. At 10.10.—They were found to be circling at 8 metres per second both on the up-wind and down-wind sides of the circle. That is to say supposing the wind was west, but smoke from the Cantonment Railway Station appeared to be rising vertically. Leaves were quite still. Two measurements taken, after which the vultures flex-giided to north out of sight. At 10.21.—A vulture observed at 800 metres height. It was circling at 12 metres per second both on up-wind and down-wind sides of track on the supposition that the wind was north or south. After two measurements had been made it flex-glided to north at 16 metres per second. Shortly afterwards a light draught of air came from the east, that is to say, the direction of the wind was doubtful at the time of the observations. Leaves were still and smoke was ascending vertically. March 3rd, 1910.—At 11.30.—A strong north-west wind. Vultures circling on down-wind side showed speeds of 24, 21, 27, and 27 metres per second. On the up-wind side speeds were measured of 7, 7j, 9, 9 and 9 metres per second. (The wide difference of speeds measured on up- and down-wind sides must have been due to the unusually strong wind.) October nth, 1910.—At 4.35.—Vultures circling at 1,200 metres. Wind west, leaves still. November 12th, 1910.—At 3.33.—A vulture seen fast flex- gliding in and out of the base of a cumulus cloud at 1,700 metres height. Flex-gliding can take place in any direction relative to the wind. I have, however, only observed flex-gliding direct to leeward in very light and in irregular puffy winds. In a strong and steady wind birds usually go to leeward by leeward-looping. (To be continued.) ® ® ® ® A New Spanish Military School. THE Spanish military authorities have decided to establish a flying school close to Carabauchel. Louis Dufour has been appointed instructor, and the pupils include three captains and two lieutenants. ® ® Mdlle. Marvingt, the winner of the Coupe Femina for lady aviators, who last week, owing to motor trouble, descended In a skittle-alley whilst flying near St. Etienne, is not only a flyer of distinction, but is an all-round sportswoman. Skiing is amongst her favourite pastimes, and above she is seen in the centre at Chamonix during the enjoyment of this exhilarating sport. (RIGHT Fig. 10.—January 8th, 1911. Jharna Nullah. Cheel circling and then Hex-gliding up wind at slow rate. At the time there was thin cloud, and no fast flex-gliding had occurred. A few minutes later, as cloud got thinner, fast flex-gliding of cheels began. Track marked at 1-second intervals. Wind at the time not strong enough to move leaves. Fig. 11.—January 8th, 1911. Jharna Nullah. Cheel ease- gliding and making one circle. Track marked at l-second intervals. Fig. 12. —January 10th. Jharna Nullah. Vulture ease-ghding t and then flex-gliding in a strong wind. ® ® 718
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