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Aviation History
1913
1913 - 0037.PDF
Assuming the negative tips to be reasonable, let us consider their control. If they will not bank when spinning, the machine will be unsteerable by rudder in the absence of a neutral fin surrounding the e.g.—which is dismissed as impracticable. Having abandoned the rudder, there remains the warp. Suppose one wing tip to have its negative angle increased. The reaction will be obliquely downwards and backwards, giving rise to a simultaneous descent and retreat. Both movements are in the proper sense for a turn with this wing tip on the inside. But, while the increased negative tip descends and retreats, it decreases its negative pressure, and so resists the movement of descent and retreat. So soon as the warp ceases, therefore, the bank and the spin also cease; the condition of banking is stable. If the other wing rises and advances in sympathy, its negative angle is increased while rising and advancing, which increases the negative pressure and resists the movement ; that wing also is stable while being banked. Necessarily, the increased negative angle of the inner wing increases the resistance thereof, and so the inner wing tends to fly slower than the outer wing for the same expenditure of power. One essential to continuous steering with fixed control is thus satisfied. According to the difference in warp, so is the difference in speed, and according to the difference in speed so is the difference in the lift of the positive parts of the wings. But, according to the difference in speed, so is the difference in negative pressure imposed by the negative tips. The lateral balance, therefore, is potentially stable while flying on a curved course. The system is stable against spin, AS has been shown, for as soon as the lower negative tip tends to retreat from its work, its angle becomes positive to its relative motion and the wing tends to rise, thus diminishing the bank. Alternatively, to assume that it advances without rising is to assume that it increases its work of its own accord and so destroys the balance of power. Assuming the machine to make a circuit on the same level, the mean effective velocity of the positive parts of the wings is necessarily equal to the speed of straight flight; otherwise their lift will be inadequate and they will descend. It follows, therefore, that the outer negative tip, if unwarped, will represent an enhanced load, which will necessitate increasing the negative pressure on the inner wing for equilibrium. In short.it will involve the expenditure of more power. For economy, therefore, it would appear to be desirable to warp both wings simultaneously. From a consideration of the conditions for stability, it is apparent that the act of banking is an expression of the force exercised by the pilot on the control lever. While he moves the lever the machine banks, and the limit of the bank is the limit of the warp—which latter is the limit to the efficiency of the machine for a given wing loading. ® ® ® ® SHORT BROS/ NEW SELF-REGISTERING HEIGHT RECORDER. AN instrument of interest and value to aviators is a new aneroid put on the market by Short Bros., the well-known aeronautical engineers of Eastchurch. The feature is that it contains means for automatically registering the maximum height attained in flight. When it is required to do this, a small knob at the left hand side of the instrument is pressed upwards before starting, and a finger can then move upwards during the ascent but is prevented from returning on the descent, and therefore the maximum height is recorded. Pressing the catch downwards relieves the finger and allows it to pull back to its normal position, when it will work as an ordinary aneroid. Attachments are provided on the case of the instrument so that it may be slung on elastic shock absorbers. In some respects the aneroid resembles the balloon aneroid that Messrs. Short Bros, have had in successful use for several years. For instance, the revolving ascent and descent scale is retained, which enables the pilot to set the neutral index mark under the needle at any moment during the flight and thereby observe whether his subsequent motion is one of ascent or descent. The scale on the inner dial reading atmospheric pressure in inches of mercury is also useful for the purpose of comparing the aneroid from time to time with a standard barometer. Taken all round, this instrument appears to us a thoroughly desirable acquisition for any flyer, and it may be taken for granted that Messrs. Short Bros.' experience of ballooning has taught them just what is the right thing for this class of work. THINGS WE ® ® SHOUL WHO put the nut in Porte's engine. If the thing who put it there thinks he's a man. ? ? 'I Whether they did not keep the wrong one when he was born. 1 V ' How he would like an interview with " little " Mr. Koolhoven. 1 •> •> If there would be enough left for a funeral. ? ' ? '! Whether there has been another dirigible visit from " over there." "Over one hundred petrol tins have been picked up in the Solent."—(Daily Mail.) ? ? 9 Have they got time to play " Shell " out whilst we get ready. ? J 5 Did Milton know all about air pockets. " As in a cloudy chair ascending rides Audacious, but that seat soon failing, meets A vast vacuity ; all unawares Fluttering his pennons vain, plumb down he drops Ten thousand fathom deep."—(Paradise Lost.) Whether he Isn't about the only man who ever found money in one. ? ? ? Who was flying over Dover before daylight on Saturday last. ? ? When a machine built for a i20.h.p. engine and fitted with one of only 40-h.p. flies 50 m.p.h. with two up, doesn't it say something for " design." © ® D LIKE TO KNOW. Isn't this quite a different thing to fitting a 45-h.p. engine in a machine built to take a 28. ? ? 1 Hasn't something of this kind been tried before with disastrous results. ? ? ? And wouldn't it be as well if any new experimenter in this direction should "think it over." Whether Desoutter would not feel quite " chuff" could he know what we were saying about him last Saturday evening. Wouldn't the world be a better place to live in if our friends would only " open out" before the fact. ? 1 1 Will he please remember that this is no criterion as to what we shall say next time " he goes and does it." The constant a of the Hendon aviette. ? ? '! Had Garros " cold feet" when flying over Vesuvius. ? ? '! Would a " drop o' the crater " have warmed him up. ? 1 1 Is the paying of airmen for days on which they fly only " playing the game." Ill If they were paid for days only on which they worked, would there be less golf and more " biz." " WILL O'-THE-WISP." 37
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