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Aviation History
1913
1913 - 0099.PDF
JANUARY 25, 1913. han one of 6 metres. Supposing then that we are relying for our " get aff more on the aeroplanic than on the hvdroplanic principle it may be advantageous to adopt a single float of a more Ske character, as has been done (under favourable conditions) with such success in the case of the Donnet-Leveque machine in France and the last type Curtiss m America. In such a type the single float is always in the centre, and they almost invariably have small floats balancers at or near the wing tips for lateral balance. In the case of both the 2nd and 3rd type the bottom of the float is very often provided with one or more steps in order to facilitate skimming on the surface of the water. The principle of the stepped float n that the frictional resistance depends on the body immersed being wetted by the fluid, it therefore follows that if any means can be devised by which the body is no longer wetted or even if we can reduce the extent of the wetted surface the frictional resistance will be reduced. The accomplishment of this l/UOHTl joggle or step is ormed in the bottom of the vessel where the fore and aft part meet. In Fig. 9, E denotes the engine, F the propeller shaft, G the bracket supporting the latter, H the propeller, J the designed line of flotation when the ram) h at rest, D the Fig. 9.—Stepped hydroplane. step or joggle, L the rudder. When such a vessel is driven through the water at a high rate of speed, air is drawn in between the surface of the water and the bottom A, and remains there in the form of a film of air which serves to support the afterpatt of the Fig. 8.—Float disposition, (t) Three floats, short and square, (il) Two long floats, catamaran type. (Ill) One long central float, (lv) fuselage-coque. was the purpose for which Mr. A. E. Knight took out Patent No. 1760, 1906. The main principle in this invention is that the bottom of the after part of the body is for some considerable portion of its length in a different and higher longitudinal plane to that of the bottom of the fore part, the bottom of the after part preferably inclining in a downward direction towards the end, and a distinct vessel and keep the same out of actual contact with the water. We thus have a diminished resistance, the friction for the after- part now being air-air instead of water-water ; whilst owing to the principles of the hydroplane the actual surface in the water is considerably lessened. ( To be continued.) ® ® ® ® AIRSHIP MEWS. The " Gamma" Visits London. Manned by a naval crew, with Commander E. A. Masterman in command and Lieut. N. F. Usborne as pilot, the Army airship "Gamma" cruised on Wednesday morning from Farnborough to London. The airship turned above the Chelsea football ground and arrived back at Farnborough just in time to avoid a heavy storm of sleet and snow. The "Fleurus" Above Paris. THE dirigible " Fleurus," constructed at the Military works at Chalais-Meudon, paid a visit to Paris on the afternoon of the 10th inst. and cruised over the city and the Versailles district for some time. During part of the trip a Nieuport monoplane from Villacoublay manoeuvred round the airship. A New Clement-Bayard Airship. THE latest Clement-Bayard airship, which should be out on trial during the first fortnight in February, is to be known as C.B.V. bis. The envelope is of 9,660 cubic metres capacity and the speed of the vessel is to be 75 k.p.h. The airship is destined for Russia and another similar craft for the same country is under construction. An Airship Sution at Heligoland. ACCORDING to advices from Berlin, one 01 the naval airship stations is to be on the island of Heligoland, and it will be of a somewhat unique character. The revolving airship shed is to be built in a hollow, and will be so arranged that it can be raised m order to allow the airship to leave or to re-enter. New Zeppelins for German Army. ,••'._ «, OF the three Zeppelin cruisers ordered by the German War Office, one is nearly ready to commence its trials and another should be ready about the end of next month. The work is being pushed on rapidly, and 60 more workmen were engaged on January 1st, making; the total number employed at the Zeppelin works 230. It is stated That a fourth military Zeppelin will be oidered during this year. German Naval Minister in Dirigible. ON the 4th inst. the German Naval Minister, Admiral von Tirpitz, enjoyed for the first time a lengthy trip in the air, the experience being made on the Navy's Zeppelin Li. Another Mishap with " Schutte-Lanz." THE wooden frame rigid dirigible " Schutte-Lanz" was returning to Biesdorf on Saturday after a cruise over Potsdam, &c, when one of the vertical rudders broke. The Commander thereupon brought the airship down on some open ground at Mahlsdorf, but a gust of wind caught the vessel and carried the tail end on to the roof of a house. Considerable damage was done to both the house and the airship, but the latter was got back to its shed later in the day. With the exception of one man, who jumped from a height of 30 ft., and broke an arm and a leg, the crew of twelve men and two officers escaped unhurt. High Balloon Ascent and Wireless- AT Bitterfeld, on the 8th inst., some tests were carried out in sending wireless telegrams from balloons. Two aeronauts went up in a balloon to a height of 7,500 metres and succeeded in trans mitting several messages. ® ® ® ® Meeting of the F.A.I. AT the special meeting of the Federation Aeronautique Inter nationale, to be held in Paris on January 28th, the matters to be discussed include (1) the establishment of a brevet for hydro aeroplanes, (2) the affiliation of the Aero Club of Portugal, (3) protest of the Ae.C.F. against the award to Kenaux at the Tamise meeting, (4) regulations for the International Cup for marine aviation, (5) creation of an ae'ronautique triptyque, (6) an aeronautic calendar for 1913. In the morning the special committee for the Gordon-Bennett aviation trophy will meet to finally draw up the regulations. It will be remembered that at the last meeting, in Vienna, it was decided that the course should be a cross-country one of 200 kiloms. 99
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