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Aviation History
1913
1913 - 0972.PDF
IGHT SEPTEMBER 6, 1913- manif,.HVX* 1 ' X '* doubled or quadrupled or increased u„dn,hh 1 suddenness of the gust of wind, and it may ™£ . hc,P°wer of Ae Pilot to so manipulate hi, machine as to macn?n™t ,°VCrturninS- E™ when he can manipulate the S™ as to Preve_nt overturning, these deflecting forces throw ZltJ^A ,£ UP<m the framework of the aeroplane between the rE th^ ,SUPP°runf w,f'gs.a"d »I»n the wings, or supporting fhcsed, T• ?*• Wh'Ch' aS DOW constf«=ted, must finally resist of,» ?S B nrCeS' °r br£ak in the effort lo so lesist t"em armv jLnfan0n r'CtlnK Cvi<ience of evewitnesses of the two recent alZlfn Pf <1,sas,ers. one can readily believe that both of the brZn L[hmeS^ereJW/ecked' or their ""staining planes were l.W y th,e.sud(JenReflecting forces thrown upon them from the d ier inn nf^h ^' ?™ l? an u™™a"y <H&* change in the tdeavnmfn , **'* °' r0_taUOn of the driving mechanism ? the pilot nrVven,Z7 ?• ""J1 the3e deflecti»g forces by manipulation to thra?rnnln gr PM ?T' and thus throwing sudden strains upon the aeroplane frame and the supporting planes ind m,rnVrmiCS °f "^l"? '" We" ""derstood, and mathematicians forr^ o.hamC,ans a'e as fully aware of the existence of the deflecting and Lrhln^ t"^ l° aS lThey are °f anv other facts of mathematical theJ£fl^ ?leaCe: U 1S Wel1 known that the magnitude of vk !- B * 1S ProP°rtionaI 'o the product of four factors, themaIh!fl„maSS!r°t,alinF ; r! the St*Uare of the radius of gyration ; u>, hi,,2 h UC"y ofsuch rotation ; and a, the angular velocity o change ,n the orientation of the axis of rotation. act and .h.Tl'h1"10^ " Whi°h direction the deflecting forces will rfc,'SZ, that.thev *'" ca»se the forward part of the aeroplane to uowtr n ,h m ''V6 C3Se 0f turninB in °"e dirfCtio". a"d to tip upward ln the case of turning in the opposite direction: matnit„lmfS,/°latingi,iSOneofthe factors which determines the u^n^n r * deflec,1"g fo^es, it will be clear that w.th the he nronellerThr '.V*-' ,n,which the cylinders rotate as wel1 as mass oTrn » i deflecting forces are increased by the increased Z cWindlr T °Ve: WHat ,hly are When driven bY e"Sin" ;n which oT^h r w^'n tn "? /0,ate'but on'y the crankshaft of the engine, Gnome en^L?«ha/' *"* and the Pr°Pel,er- Fur,her. when a Who TrV 8° uP- °Lr IO° h'P- is ^ployed, instead of only a cylinders hrt T hat thC greater maSS rtHated in th(; "g-ne SSler t i^i mst:lve^,0.say nothing of the increased mas, of the the defl/r'ril f U'd ubeulncreasea- will correspondingly increase tht defiectmg forces with the same rate of revolution of the machinery It sh.ndT ™te°f «*»«*« of direction of its axis of rotation * the forces le^JiJ6-0'6 T* Strange t0 one who ls familiar with should eC'" SUCu CatCS that the aetoplanes in question should have been broken in the effort to resist the deflecting couples undcr ,he conditions of flight which prevailed. The high power of the engines used and the facts of observation by onlookersTat the SdXtinaTd thdr,direCti°n -thersuddenly would poin to A rZ ! ?fc, rCes as the actual cause °f 'he accidents. the world nlh0W'ng,OfK,he VaHoUS accidents in difterent parts of the world for the past three years leads the undesigned to believe n e t ha" °nehalf 0f the casua'ties which ha've occurred bj fhis a„ "il th1 gr,°Und » a"op!anes are traceable d.rectly to fom» fci? 'ns^tabihty, which has been improperly allowed to ilancr^, s C C°DS K"f)7f the ProPelli°g mecha"l^ of the tt mat be held tnTm? Pr°bab 6 ^ the time is not far distant when to flv whh mlv e JUSt aS Cnminal to Permit servants of the public DowdeT n T) S-° constructed a^ it would be to place unsafe CwltT" °f balt'eships-viz., powder which it is insrhmal^Pn C " temperaU,res which are sometimes reached as the remegdv for 'th10^1116 rCmedy f°r °* °ne danger is as simple resnonsfw, fffi °lthe/' 8nd A wiU be heW to be the duty of all responsible officers to be familiar with the remedy and see that t ; '"I Ts onlv nec(;nSlrUCti°n °f ae«>Pla- foTSS^p^ in thi nnn? ?ec"sary.to Pr duce the same amount of rotative effect s&^^SKn^o,r,,o^ve th,e deflecting *^*£ product mrC in .V,. • ^ - U ls onl>' necessary to have the driving mechanism nT1™"6 u^^"011 ^ml to that Product of the hntfc E 'n^llanism' because the factor a would be the same for Ked 0 aes rnrie;,rlan(Lfor ,he r°^^ ™™ t h2i£, located so as to revolve about an ax s parallel with that of the driving mechanism, the strains caused by one forcT balancing the ^nd'shTuUl „oranriUed fr°m uthe °"e Patal'elTaft S^her! shafts sho,ill " K"16 UT the a«oplane framing-/.,., both shafts should in such case, be carried on the same rigid b-dp ate or frame, which can be secured to the aeroplane famine It £ however, believed to be far better to counteihala™« The rotating sTnTaxt TfharoV'tr T^ !! ^ °pP°site dteSn^ he SS» It TA utht dnv,nS mechanism and upon the same shaft as that driving the propeller, so that the deflecting forces 21 counterbalance each other through strains in that shaft only y It is true that some additional weight is required in order to effect such counterbalance, but it is believed that the additional weight for this purpose will not be greater than the additional weight which it would be necessary to employ in order to strengthen the framing and the wings, or support the planes of the aerop'ane, sufficiently to prevent their breaking in extreme cases, if such counterbalancing were not employed. 82, York Road, King's Cross. JNO. W. CLOUD. Early Aeroplanes and the War Office. [1786] The " Dreamer" in this week's FLIGHT alludes to my early short flights with 9 h.p. triplane at Lea Marshes. But previous to this I had experimented with a biplane at Brooklands Track, and made the first flights in England with same in June, 1908, when fitted with an eight cylinder 24 h p. Antoinette engine. The " Dreamer " sayj he does not know whether I tried to interest the War Office. Yes, I did try, and felt it a hopeless game, with discouragement all round, spending my savings on building materials, and living on a few shillings a week to prolong this experimen'al stage. You can imagine how I envied those who were paid a com fortable salary, and had the Government to meet their bills. I tried to get the use of Laffan's Plain thiough various channels, but this was not granted. I see Lord Tullibardine, in his letter to the Press believes the Dunne to be the first British flying machine, but I think he will find mine was the first. If anyone will take the trouble to look through the British Patents, they will find the first patented aeroplane with an engine, as aeroplanes are known to-day, was patented by me in 1906. In this machine the pilot sits behind the engine in a streamline body. A. V. ROE. Miles Platting, Manchester. August 24th, 1913. * «) ® ® PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. Canots Automobiles, House-Boats et Tourisme Nautigue. By J. Izart. Paris: H. Dunod et E. Pinat, 47-49, Quai des Grands- Augustins. Price 5 frs. 50. War in Space. By Louis Gastine. London : The Walter Scott Publishing Co., Ltd. Price 3^. bd. net. Guide to the Exhibition of Specimens Illustrating the Structure of Animals in Relation to Flight. London : The British Museum, W.C. Price 6d. "Learning to Fly." The Grahame-White Aviation Co., Ltd., 166, Piccadilly, W. Grundlagen der Physik des Fluges. By Dr. Raymond Nimfuhr. Vienna : Druckerei- und Verlags-Aktiengesellschaft. Gamage's Directory of Amateur Wireless Stations in the United Kingdom. London : A. W. Gamage, Ltd., Holborn. ® ® ® ® Aeronautical Patents Published. Applied ror tn 1912. Piibiislied August <2$tht 1913. 18,168. WOLSELEY TOOL AND MOTOR CAR CO. AND A. MCCORMACK. Cooling I.C. engines of aeroplanes. 21,625. J-WOHLSCHLAGER. Flying machines. 24,096. JACOB LOHNER AND Co. Driving mechanism for aeroplanes. Applied for In 1013. Published September ^th, 1913. 4,389. G. AND R. CAUDRON. Hydro-aeroplanes. 4,794. J. P. OLSEN. Airships. 11,578. M. A. BATSON Wings of flying machines. FLIGHT. 44, ST. MARTIN'S LANE, LONDON, W.C. Telegraphic address: Truditur, London. Telephone: i828Gerrard. SUBSCRIPTION RATES. FLIGHT will be forwarded, post free, at the following rates:— UNITED KINGDOM. ABROAD. 3 Months, Post Free .. 12 i. d. 3 9 7 6 IS o 3 Months, Post Free 0 » 12 i» r. a. S 0 10 o 20 0 998 Cheques and Post Office Orders should be made payable to the Proprietors of FLIGHT, 44, St. Martin's Lane, W.C., and crossed London County and Westminster Bank, otherwise no responsibility will be accepted. Should any difficulty be experienced in procuring FLIGHT from local newsvendors, intending readers can obtain each issue direct from the Publishing Office, by forwarding remittance as above.
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