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Aviation History
1913
1913 - 1184.PDF
I/OGMT] *nd is a 4-ft. twin-propeller floating tail mono., which, as may be expected, has a very high duration average. A very noticeable feature of this model is the absence of straining wires. He has also flown three other machine*—a i-lb. tractor monoplane (the present holder of the S.E. trophy), Kale drawings of which appeared in FLIGHT of Oct. 18th ; an enclosed body biplane and a r o.g.-and-water mono. Mr. Westwood has also been busy with his l-lb. tractor, now in perfect trim, and has also found time to successfully fly a smaller tractor, with a ra'her original fuselage, and a twin-propeller "single- sticker." A mono., with the plane set at an inverted dihedral has been successfully flown by Mr. G. Brown, and a smaller model, fitted with an orthodox plane, by Mr. E. A. Brunton, who has also been experi menting with a very heavily loaded tractor and a r.o.g.-and-water mono. The i-lb. gull'swing tractor of Mr. Chinnery's is still on the active list, but has recently been supplanted by a smaller tractor which repeatedly climbs to a good height, and, after making a very steady flight, generally ending with a splendid glide, lands in perfect style on the chassis. Mr. A. D. Nicholls has flown a similar model, and also a hollow spar tractor and a twin-propeller -j ez. biplane. The all-mttal mono, constructed by Mr. A. h. Clark has been flying very consistency, several 1 min. flights having been obtained. This modtl is also an adept at •• trick flying," some of the banks and spirals which it does would make even Chevillard stare. Now that Mr. F. Dixioti has altered the situation of the wheels on his " A " frame mono., it has made some splendid h min. (r.o.g.) flights. This member has also been testing a small (12-in.) tractor. A very determined effort is being made by Mr. F. Evans to induce a scale model Blcriot to fly, but up to the present, chiefly owing to " weight-for-area," coupled with a good dtal of head resistance, his efforts have not been crowned with success. He has, however, had some very good flights from a twin-propeller " A " frame. Other " A " frames have been flown by Messrs. Jones (fitted with " V "-shaped wings), F. G. Peters (whose mono, was nicknamed " Gordon-Bennett " on account of its speed), S. Hunt (r.o.g.), and C. H. Morgan. The latter has also flown three tractors and one "single-sticker." Mr. Jones has also been experimenting with a hydro. The club is always pleased to welcome visiting aero modellists, but attention is drawn to the fact that all models must be fitted with effective protectors. Stony Stratford and District Kite and Model Ae.C. (OLD STRATFORD). Nov. 5TH, meeting at Wolverton. Subject: " The Building of the Model." Nov. 19th, annual general meeting and exhibition of models at Public Hall, Stony Stratford. Flying every Saturday in the Black Horse Field, Old Stratford, 3.30. Monthly Report.—Oct. 1st, at Wolverton. " Kite Design " was the subject for the evening, being a brief resume of the competing kite in the club's open competition, and faults in construction and design. During the discussion there arose a question regarding the awarding of marks for stability and collapsibility of kites, and a resolution was adopted, as follows: "That for future competi tions a basis of 30 and 20 marks be adopted for stability and collapsibility, thus retaining the K. and M.A.A. basis of 100 marks for the four tests." Following a suggestion from a gentleman, a Buckingham branch has been formed, and mem bers have already been enrolled. Oct. 22nd, usual fortnightly meeting at the slubroom at Stony Stratford. The subject was "ft.O.G. Models." Amongst the settled features of next year's programme is the introduction of building evenings, to encourage more active work amongst some of the members. Com petitions are under discussion, and it is hoped to hold them once a month. Windsor Model and Gliding Club(io, ALMA KD., WiNnsox). THE winter session bas now commenced, and the weekly lectures should prove popular. Members are advised 10 get ready for the next Aero Show. A meeting will be held on Wednesday to thoroughly consider the question of building a power machine, as several members are confident of their ability to carry out the work. It has also been decided to try and arrange an exhibition of the club's work. Suggestions are invited from members. A competition for x lb. models will shortly be arranged, Monthly Report.—During past month the club membership has been consider ably augmented by some fresh members from Maidenhead, and more effective work will be the result. The winner of last month's competition was Mr. S. Camm, who only just managed to get his machine off. This month's competition will be decided Nov. 13th, the conditions being a complete circle to the right and left, after which the model flying the greatest distance in a straight line wins. At the Arts and Crafts Exhibition held at Wycombe, Mr. J. E. Starnes obtained first prixe and diploma for bis tractor monoplane. The glider has not yet been taken out, but the first windy day should see some air work. ® ® ® ® CORRESPONDENCE:. The Theory of the Dunne Aeroplane. [1804] In reply to Mr. Hume-Kothery's two letters in your recent issues, I must, in the first place, thank him for the nice things he has said about the lecture as a whole. But beyond this I am really indebted to him for having drawn the attention of your readers to the apparent difficulties surrounding this idea of " Reserve Tangential," for I fancy a good many people have failed to follow the original explanation. Indeed the same question was raised at the Aeronautical Society's discussion, which followed the lecture at a later date. My explanation was, I think, complete—no essential point was omitted, but I should perhaps have given greater pro minence to certain of the introductory sentences, which sentences everyone seems to ignore. They ran thus :— " Now supposing the machine to be climbing steeply or planing at too flat an angle so that it begins to lose speed and so to lose lift. It then begins to sink and, ipsofado, increases the angle of incidence." This is the key of the matter. The machine in Fig. 14 is sinking from its previous path without change of attitude to the horizon. The angle of incidence is increased by this subsidence, and not by tilting the no>e of the machine up. The phenomenon is analogous to that of ordinary soaring in a rising current, but is, of course, much more marked. The base line in Figs. 12 and 14 is any convenient line (fixed with regard to the machine) to which the directions of the various forces may be referred. It may of course be so drawn that the normal to it will lie within the angle formed by the two extreme NOVEMBER I, 1913. slopes of the air-pressure resultant. Then that component of the pressure-resultant which is parallel to the fixed reference line can be. clearly exhibited to all as in the one case a propelling force and in the other a retarding force along that line, which line is integral with the machine. Of course if the angle of incidence were in creased by cocking the machine up to a bigger angle to the horizon, then the fixed reference line would also be tilted up, and consequently the pressure vector would be tilted more backward with regard to the direction of gravity, so that there would be no gain. But Fig. 14 shows the machine at the moment it commences to sink, and before the ordinary stabilizing action has had time to dip the head for the glide down. The pressure vector has then become more forwardly inclined with regard to the direction of gravity than formerly. In other words, the machine is already commencing to plane down without having changed its attitude— though this change will occur in due course. The saving is one of time at a critical juncture in the negotiation of the phugoid. There is of course no suggestion of any reserve of energy in Fig. 13, which shows the occurrence of the phenomenon while the motor is still in action, it will be noticed that each machine sinks the same perpendicular distance from its original path. The main practical advantage obtained is that partial "stalling!" is not followed by the usual sharp nose-dive or spiral-dive. While on the subject of this lecture, will you allow me to warn your readers that Fig. 16 has been printed askew on the page, which must be rather confusing to some people. The "Axis N " should be upright. J. W. DUNNE. G> V <u \)' a .' 5:3 "3: f t* •c v. V ff 0? [For the guidance of our readers we reprint herewith Fig. 16 from page 969, in the correct position in which it should originally have appeared.—ED.] FLIGHT. 44, ST. MARTIN'S LANE, LONDON, W.C. Telegraphic address: Truditur, London. Telephone: i828Gerrard. SUBSCRIPTION RATES. FLIGHT wih be forwarded, post free, at the following rates:— UNITED KINGDOM. ABROAD. 3 Months, Post Free 6 .» M 12 „ s. a. 3 9 7 6 IS o 3 Months, Post Free .. 12 s. a. 5 o 10 o 20 o Cheques and Post Office Orders should be made payable to the Proprietors of FLIGHT, 44, St. Martin's Lane, W.C., and crossed London County and Westminster Bank, otherwise no responsibility will be accepted. 1210
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