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Aviation History
1915
1915 - 0402.PDF
I/OCHT] been under consideration, the point would not arise. Thus it affects all curves of sufficiently low A' value ; in other words, such curves as fall into the maximum curve (the A'optimum curve) before the end of the blade is reached, and whose K value, therefore, is not actually constant over its whole length. Owing to the fact that graphic treatment is adopted no inaccuracy is involved ; it is, however, impossible to allow the point to pass without comment. In order to best appreciate the conditions, reference should be made to Fig. 16; here the vertical line ij =0-07 (approximately) defines the curve A'-optimum, and the iso-A' lines running into this FLYING AT IN spite of the shortage of trams last Saturday afternoon there was a fairly large attendance, and by way of a change the weather was ideal for flying. M. Osipenko opened the proceedings with an exhibition flight on the 50 h.p. G.-W. school 'bus. Marcus D. Manton followed shortly after on the same machine, on which he put up some of his usual stunts.' J. S. B. Winter then took over the machine, and contributed his share of the afternoon's entertainment. The next away was E. Baumann, who made a high flight on the 60 h.p. Ruffy-Baumann Caudron. At the same time he was in the air a Naval Caudron (100 h.p. Anzani) was up on high. Shortly after, W. Roche-Kelly came out on the 50 h.p. Beatty biplane, and G. Virgilio ascended on the R.-B. Caudron. Osipenko then took up the 100 h.p. G.-W. five-seater with three passengers on board. After this J. H. Moore made a nice flight on the 45 h.p. L. and P. ® ® JUNE 4, 1915. from the right hand of the figure are those proper to the other curves in Fig. 20. Apart from detail considerations it is quite in the usual order of things to find that between the maximum condition and the restricted condition the continuity is imperfect. When following through the series of diagrams Figs. 16 to 19, it is helpful to think of Fig. 18 as a projection of Fig. 16 wrapped on a curved surface of the form of the curve of y values of Fig. 17 ; this is, in brief, the geometrical meaning of the transformation employed. (To be concluded.) ® © HENDON. biplane, and Baumann made another on the R.-B. Caudron. During the rest of the afternoon the previ ously mentioned pilots and machines got going several times, and in the evening Manton put in a fine flight with a passenger on the 100 h.p. G.-W. tractor scout. A new chassis has been fitted to this machine, consisting of a pair of tubular steel U members—a neat and strong looking job. He got off after a comparatively short run and climbed very rapidly. The flying speed was certainly high, yet on landing it was well under 50 m.p.h. Sunday was again favoured with good flying weather, and the following pilots made numerous flights with and without passengers: Marcus D. Manton on the 50 h.p. G.-W. school 'bus and the 100 h.p. G.-W. tractor scout. J. H. Moore on the 45 h.p. L. and P. biplane, J. L. Hall on his 45 h.p. Caudron, W. Roche-Kelly on the 50 h.p, Beatty biplane, and C. B. Prodger on the same machine. ® ® AIRCRAFT AND THE, WAR. IN a despatch dated May 20th, from Hermann Katsch in the Berliner Lokal-Anzeiger describing the fighting round Ypres, there was the following :— " Every trench and defence work in the enemy's position and our own is carefully drawn on the map after observations and photo graphs taken by aviators." ^ Writing from Rome on May 24th, to the Daily Chronicle, Mr. M. H. Donohue said :— " The aerial attack on Venice was supported by a gunboat and destroyers, which took care to keep out of range of the Italian guns. On the Venetian littoral aeroplanes dropped a number of bombs, and attempted to destroy the arsenal, but failed to find their objective. As soon as there was sufficient light to see the hostile aircraft Italian anti-aircraft guns turned upon them, and Italians also ascended in several aeroplanes and in a dirigible. The latter rose high, and then swooped down on the enemy aeroplanes. The Austrians did not wait for an engagement at close quarters, but turned tail and fled, and were chased over the lagoons and out over the blue waters of the Adriatic by the Italian aerial squadron. " It was an exciting and stern chase. The guns of the Italian aircraft opened fire on the pursued, but the latter dodged and ducked like a covoy of wild birds hoping to escape the fowler's shotgun. The Austrians flew out fanshape, bent on escaping at all hazards. One Austrian aeroplane was reported to be winged, but even in its crippled condition it continued its flight " An attempt made by Austrian aeroplanes to destroy the aeroplane shed at Jesi, just inland from Ancona, ended in complete failure. The enemy aircraft bolted so quickly, after dropping a few bombs, which fell harmlessly, that Italian airmen who started in pursuit were unable to catch them. "Simultaneously with the attack on the other towns a raid was made on Rimini, nearly midway between Ravenna and Ancona. A three-funnelled ship was observed approaching, and several other vessels were sighted further out, accompanied by a dirigible." The Daily Mail correspondent in Rome, writing on the 25th, said :— "Venice now has lighting regulations similar to those in London. On .Monday evening excitement ran high in the squares and on the waterways of the city, which was so thronged with gondolas that they looked like a fleet of shadows in the dark. Songs and cries filled the unlighted city, and the population could scarcely persuade themselves to go to bed. Silence reigned only at two o'clock in the morning. Within an hour and a half the sleepers were suddenly awakened by two strident siren whistles, followed immediately by the boom of cannon and then the continuous report of quick-firers. All Venice got up. It was barely dawn, but the streets were soon filled with excited people watching what was to them the novel sight of a hostile aeroplane coming up from the direction of the great railway bridge escorted by bursting shrapnel. " The aeroplane flew off unharmed towards Trieste, having dropped bombs on the Corte delle Colonne, at the Castello, in the Rio della Tana, at San Luca, and in the Rio dei Carmini. Four women and one man were hurt by the broken glass. The San Luca bomb was an incendiary one, and covered the ground with petrol. It caused no damage. At five o'clock a second aeroplane followed, and endeavoured to cast two bombs on the bridge connecting Venice with the mainland. They missed and fell in the lagoon. Four other bombs were dropped but in vain. Venice's answer to the bombardment was an outburst of flags, which cover the city to-day, all the Allies' colours being flown." Mr. A. Beaumont, writing to the Daily Telegraph from Rome on May 25th, regarding the bombardment of Ancona by Austrian warships said :— " Two aeroplanes meanwhile circled over the town at a height of about 6,000ft. The land batteries opened fire on the boats and aeroplanes, and the sky was alive with bursting shells. The destroyers continued firing until 5.10. Finally, several shells exploded over the barracks themselves." Writing to the Daily Mail from Rome on the 26th inst, Mr. J. M. N. Jeffries said:— " The Italian flag was hoisted on the campanile of San Giorgio, Braz- zano [Austrian side of the frontier], the first captured village, which was taken at about 6 a.m. At about 9.30 a.m. an Austrian aeroplane, one of five known to be in a shed between Sagrado and Gorizia [(east bank of the Isonzo)] were seen approaching, showing well against the mountain side. When it was within range the Italian battery fired two shots. The second shot was perfectly aimed and flames shot out from the aeroplane, which swayed and then crashed to earth near the frontier line." Mr. James Dunn, writing from Rotterdam to the Daily Mail, on the 26th, said :— " The Allies have not been long in attacking the new German railway centre at Ghent. An enterprising raid by aeroplanes has caused extensive damage there. " The chief objectives of the attack were the St. Pierre (Ghent) railway station and the railway bridge over the Scheldt. This 402
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