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Aviation History
1917
1917 - 1247.PDF
NOVEMBER 29, 1917, r <SSSK£?5 INTERNATIONAL AIRCRAFT STANDARDS. Continued front page 1226.) 2S1—Chemical Compositions of Steels. [The steels shall be designated by serial number.] The steel s shall conform to the requirements as to chemical composition specified in the accompanying tables. An analysis of each melt of steel shall be made by the manufacturer to determine the percentages of the elements specified. The chemical composition thus determined shall be reported to the purchaser or his representative and shall conform to the requirements specified. When electric or crucible furnace steel is specified in the order, the maximum allowable percentages of phosphorus and sulphur, may, at the option of the purchaser, be limited to 0.03 per cent. The system of numbering of the steels is the same as that of the Society of Automotive Engineers, but the composition is not always identical. NICKEL-CHROMIUM STEELS. Number. 3120 .. 3130 . - 3'35 - • 3140 .. 3215 3230 . . 3240 .. X3315 X333<» X3340 3315 • • 3330 .. 3340 .. X3340 51100 6120 6130 6140 6150 , W60 ., W60A W6OB Phos- Sul-phorus, phur, Carbon. Manganese, maxi- maxi-mum, mum. 0.15-0.25 0.30-0.60 0.040 0.0450.25-0.35 0.50-0.80 0.040 0.045 0.30-0.40 0.50-0.80 0.040 0.045 0.35-0.45 0.50-0.80 0.040 0.045 Nickel. Chromium. 1.00-1.501.00-1.50 1.00-1.501.00-1.50 0.45-0.75 0.45-0.75 0.45-0.75 0.45-0.75 0.10—0.20 0.30—0.60 0.040 0.045 0,25-0.35 0.30-0.60 0.040 0.045 0.35-0.45 0.30-0.60 0.040 0.045 0.10—0.20 0.30—0.60 0.040 0.045 0.25-0.35 0.45-0.75 0.040 0.045 0.35-0.45 0.45-0.75 0.040 0.045 I.50-2.OO 0.09-1.251.50-2.00 0.90-1.25 1.50—2.00 0.90-1.25 2.75-3.25 0.70-0.952.75-3-25 0.70-0.95 2.75-3.25 0.70-0.95 0.10-0.20 0.30-0.60 0.640 0.045 3.25-3.75 1.25-1.750.25-0.35 0.30-0.60 0.040 0.045 3.25-3.75 1.25-1.75 0.35—0.45 0.30—0.60 0.040 0.045 3.25—3.75 1.25—1.75 0.35-0.45 0.30-0.60 0.040 0.045 4.00-5.00 1.00-1.50 CHROMIUM STEELS. 0.95-1.10 0.20-0.45 0.030 0.030 None CHROMIUM-VANADIUM STEELS. 1.30-1.50 Vanadium, Chromium, minimum. 0.15-0.25 0.30-0.60 0.040 0.045 0.60-0.90 0.15 0.25-0.35 0.50-0.80 0.040 0.045 0.80-1.10 0.15 0.35-0.45 0.50-0.80 0.040 0.045 0.80-1.10 0.15 0.45-0.55 0.50-0.80 0.040 0.045 0.80-1.10 0.15 TUNGSTEN STEELS.Manganese, maximum. 0.50-0.70 0.30 0.035 0.035 0.50-0.70 0.30 0.035 0.035 0.50-0.70 0.30 0.035 0.035 Tungsten. 3.00-4.00 13.00-15.00 3.00-4.00 16.00-18.00 0.50-1.00 1.50- 2.c* 3Si—Specifications for Carbon Steel Bars and Billets for Case-Hardening. GENERAL.—1. The general specifications, 1G1, shall form, according to their applicability, a part of these specifications. MATERIAL.—2. The material for these bars shall be chosen from among the standard I.A.S.B. steels listed below. The composition chosen shall be stated by the manufacturer or contractor ; it shall be further limited as follows': Carbon, not over 0.25 per cent. MANUFACTURE.—3. (a) The steel shall be manufactured, or at least finished, by the open-hearth, electric furnace, or crucible process. (b) A sufficient discard shall be made from each ingot to secure freedom from piping and undue segregation. CARBON STEELS. Number. 1010 1015 1020 1025 1030 1035 1045 1050 1065 1070 1080 1095 2315 Carbon. Manganese. 0.30-0.600.30-0.60 0.30-0.600.50-0.80 0.50-0.800.50-0.80 0.50-0.800.50-0.80 o.50-0.700.50-0.70 0.S5-0.500.25-0.50 0.05-0.15o.io-o.ao 0.15-0.250.20-0.30 0.25-0.350.30-0.40 o.40-0.50O.45-O.35 o.6o-«.7o0.65-0.75 0.75-0.900.90-1.05 Phos-phorus, maxi-mum. 0.0450.045 0.0450.045 0.0450.045 0.0450.045 0.0400.040 o .0400.040 Sul-phur, maxi-mum. 0.0500.050 0.0500.050 0.0500.050 0.0500.050 0.0450.045 0.0450.045 Nickel. Chromium. 22325 233O2335 NICKEL STEELS. O.IO-O.3O g. 30-0.60 0.040 O.045 0.2O-O.3O O.3O-O.60 0.040 O.O45 O.20-O.30 O.5O-O.8O 0.040 O.O45 0.35-O.35 O.5O-O.80 O.04O 0.045 O.3O-O.4O O.5O-O.80 O.O4O O.O45 3-25-3-753-25-3-75 3-25-3-753.25-3-75 (c) The billets from which the bars are made are to be rough turned or chipped to remove all surface defects which might produce seams in the finished bar. No undercutting in chipping will be allowed. (d) The steel manufacturer shall state the heat treatment recommended for case hardening this steel and to give the physical properties specified. WORKMANSHIP AND FINISH.—4. (a) The bars are to be sound, commercially straight, free from pipes, laps, cracks, twists, seams, voids, and damaged ends, and are to have a workmanlike finish. They are to be uniform in quality, within the stipulated margins of manufacture, capable of being turned and threaded readily, and of taking a good finish. (b) Any article may be rejected because of injurious defects or faults in manufacture at any time notwith- standing that it has previously passed the physical and chemical tests ; it shall be returned to the manufacture, at the latter's expense. This clause shall not be taken to apply to materials fabricated after export. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND TESTS.—5. The bars shall have the following physical properties : Tensile Test.-—(a) Minimum tensile strength, 70,000 lbs. per sq. in. (49.21 kg./sq. mm.). Minimum yield point, 45,000 lbs. per sq. in. (31.64 kg./sq. mm.). Minimum elongation in 2 in. (50.8 mm.), or proportional gauge length, 20 per cent. Hardness.—(b) After carbonising hardening and tempering the case must show a minimum Shore Scleroscope hardness number of 75. Impact.—(c) la all cases in which impact testing machines of the pendulum type are available tests will be carried out to determine the specific impact work of rupture of the core in foot-pounds (or kilogram-metres). Results markedly lower than the average for this type of material will be sufficient cause for further investigation (or reheat treatment) of the material. SELECTION OF TEST SPECIMENS.—6. Three bars of each size rolled from a heat shall be taken and test pieces pre- pared in accordance with the I.A.S.B. standards. Each test piece and the bar from which it is cut shall be stamped with an identifying number. Should any of the test pieces after being heat treated in the manner recommended by the steel manufacturer fail to show the prescribed physical properties new test pieces similarly identified shall be made from the same three bars. At the option of the purchaser the steel manufacturer may recommend a different heat treatment for the second set of test specimens, and to that end he may make such tests as he desires from the remainder of the three ' bars taken for the test. Should any of the three speci- mens taken for the final tests fail to show the required physical properties, the bars of that heat of the size represented by the specimens shall be rejected. DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCES.—7. The dimensions and tolerances shall be those given by the specifications 3S11 DELIVERY, PACKING AND SHIPPING.—8. (a) The bars may be delivered in the annealed or in the heat-treated condition. (b) The bars shall in general be grouped in bundles weighing not more than 250 lbs. (113.4 kg.), unless otherwise agreed between manufacturer and purchaser; the heat and the I.A.S.B. steel serial number shall be plainly marked on a metal tag attached to each bundle. If bars are not so grouped and bundled, each bar shall be plainly marked with, the heat number and the I.A.S.B. steel and serial number. Compositions of Standard Steels. Phosphorus, Sulphur,No. Carbon. Manganese, maximum, maximum .. 0.05-0.15 0.30-0.60 0.045 0.050.. 0.10-0.20 0.30-0.60 0.045 0.050 .. 0.15-0.25 0.30-0,60 0.045 0.050 1010 1015 1020 When electric or crucible furnace steel is specified in the order, the maximum allowable percentage of phosphorus and sulphur may, at the option of the purchaser, be limited to 0.03 per cent. 3S2—Specifications for Medium Carbon Steel Bars and Billets. GENERAL.—1. The general specifications, 1G1, shall form, according to their applicability, a part of these specifications. MATERIAL.—2. The I.A.S.B. standard steel No. 1035 shall be used ; its composition is as follows : Carbon, 0.30- 0.40 ; manganese, 0.50-0.80 ; phosphorus, maximum, 0.045 - sulphur, maximum, 0.050. When electric or crucible furnace steel is specified in the order, the maximum allowable percentages of phosphorus and sulphur may, at the option of the purchaser, be limited to 0.03 per cent. ^ I247
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