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Aviation History
1917
1917 - 1339.PDF
•ECEMBER 20, I 917. INTERNATIONAL AIRCRAFT STANDARDS. (Concluded from page 1317.) 3Si 2—Specifications for High-Strength Steel Wire. ©ENERAL.—1. The general specifications, 1G1, shall form, according to their applicability, a part of these specifications. MATERIAL.-—2. The wire shall be manufactured of either I.A.S.B. standard steel No. 1065, No. 1070, or No. 1080,, the compositions of which are listed below. MANUFACTURE.—3. The steel used shall be manufactured by the acid open-hearth process. Every reasonable precaution shall be taken to keep different heats carefully separated and identified throughout the rolling and drawing of the •wire and to the final stage of inspection and shipment. (6) It shall be uniformly coated with pure tin, to solder readily. WORKMANSHIP AND FINISH.—4. The wire shall be cylindri- cal and smooth and may show no evidence of scrapes, splints, cold shuts, rough tinning, or other defects not in accordance with best commercial practice. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND TESTS.—Tensile Test.—5. (a) Samples for the tensile test shall not be less than 15 ins. (381 mm.) long and free from bends and kinks. In making tensile tests on aircraft wire, the distance between jaws of testing machine, with the sample in place and before test, shall be 10 ins. (254 mm.). The wire must not break at less than the amount specified in the attached table, which is a part of this specification. Torsion Test.—(t) Samples for the torsion test shall be straight and not less than 10 ins. (254 mm.) long. The sample shall be gripped by two vices 8 ins. (203.2 mm.) apart p one vice shall be turned uniformly at a speed not exceeding 60 re- volutions per minute (on the larger sizes of wire this speed shall be reduced sufficiently to avoid undue heating of the wire). One vice shall have free axial movement in either direction. All wire shall be required to withstand the mini- mum number of complete turns shown in the attached table, and which are calculated from the relation : Number of turns = 68.6 2.7 diameter in inches diameter in millimetres. Bend Test.—(c) Samples for bend test shall be straight and «ot less than 10 ins. (254 mm.) long. One end of the sample shall be clamped between jaws having their upper edges rounded with 3/16 (0.188) in. (4.76 mm.) radius. The free end of the wire shall be held loosely between two guides and bent 90 deg. over one jaw ; this is to be counted as one bend. On raising to a vertical position the count will be two bends. Wire shall then be bent to the other side, and so forth, alternating to fracture. The minimum number of bends required is stated in the attached table. Wrapping Test.—(d) A wrapping test is to be made on at least 10 per cent, of the total number of coils offered for inspection at one time. The wire is wrapped around its own diameter eight consecutive turns with a pitch substantially equal to the diameter of the wire and then unwrapped, main- taining the free end at approximately 90 deg. with the mandrel. It must stand this test without fracture. Because of the possibility of personal error in making this test, failure on one test is not considered conclusive, and if required to do so the inspector shall make at least one, but no more than two, additional tests on the sample of wire. If any of these tests • are successful, the material shall be passed as satisfactory in this respect. SELECTION OF TEST SPECIMEN.—6. A tensile, a torsion, and a bend test shall be made on each end of each piece of coil or wire. When an individual coil of wire is to be divided into smaller coils to meet special requirements, it is sufficient to make one test on the original coil and to cut and seal the small coils in the presence of the inspector. DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCES.—7. (a) All wire for this purpose shall be furnished in decimal sizes corresponding to the American Wire Gauge (Brown and Sharpe gauge). <6) A permissible variation of 0.002 in. (0.051 mm.) above gauge on all sizes will be accepted, but no wire will be accepted having a variation of more than 0.0005 in. (0.013 mm.) laelow gauge. DELIVERY, PACKING AND SHIPPING.—8. (a) Wire covered 6y this specification shall be shipped in coils or bundles •wrapped closely with a layer of plain strong paper in strips no less than 3 ins. (76.2 mm.) wide and then covered with another wrapping of Waterproof paper of an approved quality. (jb) The size and weight of packages or coi] shall conform to tke following unless otherwise specified on orders : 0.07a in. (1.828 mm.) and larger, mean diameter of coils 22 ins. (559 mm.), minimum weight of coil 25 lbs. (11.34 kg->: 0.064 in. ^1.628 mm.) and smaller, mean diameter of coils 12 ins. (305. mm.), minimum weight of coil 10 lbs. (4.54 kg.). Tkble of Physical Properties, Weights, and Sizes. ENGLISH UNITS. AmericanWire Gauge. 6 .7 . S .9 • 10 . 11 . 12 . 13 - 14 • 15 • 16 . 17 - 18 . 19 • 20 . 21 . AmericanWire Gauge. 6 . 7 •8 . 9 •10 . 11 . 12 . 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 . I? • 18 . 19 • 20 . 21 . Diameter in inches 0.162 . 0.144 0.129 0.1140.102 0.091 0.081 0.072 0.064 . 0.057 0.051 0.045 0.0400.036 0.032 0.028 Diameterin milli- metres. • 4-"5 • 3-665• 3-264 2.906. 2.588 • 2.305 z.053. 1.828 I.6z81.450 1.291 1.1501.024 0.91160.8118 0.7230 Minimum torsion in 8 ins.16 19 21 23 s6 30 3S 37 4**y 33 60 67 75 85 96 Weight in pounds per 100 ft.7.01 5 -5^ 4.40 3 • 5^2.77 2.20 1-7442.38J i.O9f 0.870 0.690 0.547 0.4340.344 0.273 0.216 bends through 90 deg.S 6 a9 II 14 if ai 3f 2f 34 4« 5«70 8$ IOS METRIC UNITS. Minimum torsion in203.2 mm. 16 19 21 23 26 3°33 37 42 47 53 60 67 75 85 96 Weight in kilo-grams per 100 m. 10.44 8.286.55 5-21 4.ie3.28 3-5972.060 1-635 1.295.r .028 0.8140.646 0.512 0.406 0.322 Number of bendsthrough 90 deg. 5 6 8 9 ir 14 ZI 2* 3f 34 4« 5* 7o ,85 ' 105 strength, minimum lbs.4.5oo 3,7oo3,000 2,5002,000 1,620 Moo1,040 830 *6o 540 425 340 380 225 I7S Breaking strength.minimum kilograms 2,041 1,678!»36i i,i34 v>t735 39°47* 376-5397-* 344-9192.8 152-4127.0 102.1 79-4 strength ii pounds pe sq.in.219,000 229,000 233.000 244,000244,00a 254,000 252,000 255,000 258,000 259,000 264,000- 267,000 270,000-275,oo» 280,000 284,000 Tensilestrength. in kilo-grams per squaremillimetre. 954-o 161. r 163.8 171 -£ 171.* 178.6177.2 179-4181.5 182.1 185.6187.7 189.8193-4 196.8199.6 INSPECTION AND REJECTION.—9. A tag supplied by the manufacturer and filled in by the Government inspector with ink, showing the number of the test as per his official list of tests, the diameter of the wire, the breaking strength, and torsion and bend tests, shall be attached to each coil or piece of wire accepted by him or by the salvage board. Such tag shall be sealed on the bundle with a steel wire of approved design and a lead seal bearing the private mark of the inspector- doing the •work. Chemical composition of standard carbon steels. Phosphorus, Sulphur,ilo. Carbon. Manganese, maximum, maximum. 1065 .. .. .. .. 0.60-0.70 0.50-0.70 0.040 0.04s 1070 0.65-0.75 0.50-0.70 0.040 0.045 io8o .. .. .. .. 0.75-0.90 0.25-0.50 0.040 0.045 2A/2—Specifications for Ingot Copper. GENERAL.—i. The general specifications, 1G1, shall formi according to their applicability, a part of these specifications. MATERIAL.—2. (a) Copper may be either lake copper originating on the northern peninsula of Michigan, U.S.A.,.! or it may be electrically refined copper. Analysis.—(b) The copper in all shapes shall have a purity of at least 99.880 per cent., as determined by electrolytic assay, silver being counted as copper. Sampling.—(c) One bar, cake, billet, ingot, or slab shall be taken for analysis from each lot of 5,000 lbs. (2,268 kg.) or less, but not more than 10 bars, cakes, billets, ingots, or slabs need be taken from a carload. IDENTIFICATION AND MARKING.—3. All wire bars, cakes,. slabs, and billets shall be stamped with the maker's brand and furnace charge mark. Ingot and ingot bars shall have a brand stamped or cast in, but need have no furnace charge mark. DELIVERY, PACKING AND SHIPPING.—4. The refiner shall arrange carloads or lots so that as far as possible each shall contain pieces from but one furnace charge, in order to facilitate - testing by the user. References : A.S.T.M. Specifications B5—13. . . ,_ . jJ \ 2N3—Specifications for Spelter. *"*"•. L.—The general specifications, 1G1, shaM form, according to their applicability, a part of these specifications. MATERIAL.—^2. (a) Under these specifications virgin spelter —that is, spelter made from ore or similar raw material by a. «339
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