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Aviation History
1918
1918 - 0325.PDF
MARCH 21, 1918. '•"' :; f• INTERNATIONAL AIRCRAFT STANDARDS. ' ' ' " " -'*'•*• ..j' (Continued from page 292.) 3S32—Specifications for Heat-Treated Alloy Steel Forgings and Stampings. (100,000 lbs. per Square Inch Tensile Strength.) GENERAL.—1. The general specifications, 1G1, shall form, according to their applicability, a part of these specifications. MATERIAL.—2. The steel from which these forgings or stamp- ings are made shall conform to I.A.S.B. specification 3S3. MANUFACTURE.—3. Heat Treatment.—(a) Forgings orstampings should be annealed before heat treatment. (b) Forgings or stampings which fail to meet the physicaltests, may, at the option of the purchaser, be reheat treated. WORKMANSHIP AND FINISH.—4. («) The forgings andstampings must be uniform in quality, free from pipes, laps, cracks, twists, and seams, and must have a workmanlike finish. (b) A forging or stamping may be rejected at any time becauseof injurious defects or faults which are revealed by manu- facturing operations, notwithstanding that it has previouslypassed inspection. Such rejected forgings or stampings shall be returned to the manufacturer at his expense. Thisclause shall not apply to materials fabricated after export. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND TESTS.—5. (a) The heat-treatedforgings or stampings shall have the following physical properties : Tensile Test.—(6). Pounds Kilograms per per squaresquare railli- inch metre 100,000 70.3 80,000 56.2 Minimum teasile strengthMinimum yield point Minimum elongation in 2 inches or proportional gaugelength .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 20 per cent. Minimum reduction of area 50 per cent. Impact Test.—(c) When impact-testing machines of thependulum type are available, tests shall be carried out if required to determine the specific impact work of rupturein foot-pounds (or kilogrammetres). Results markedly lower than the average for this type of material will be sufficientcause for further investigation (or reheat treatment) of the material. Brinell Hardness Test.—(d) The Brinell hardness test shallbe made after the tensile test has been met. The procedure shall be as follows : (1) Forgings with a Prolongation for Tensile Test Specimens.A hardness test shall be made on the prolong and on the opposite end of the forging. The hardness values obtainedmust agree within 3 per cent. Hardness values of other forgings in the same lot must agree with the average of thetwo test -values within 3 per cent. (2) Forgings or Stampings without Prolongations : Hard-ness tests shall be made on the forgings or stampings selected for the tensile test and must agree within 3 per cent. Thehardness values of other forgings or stampings in the same lot must agree with the average of the values so obtained within3 per cent. (3) Forgings or Stampings from which a Tensile Test Speci-men can not be procured : A hardness test shall be made on the forged bar representing the forgings or stampings. Thehardness values of the forgings or stampings in the lot must agree with that obtained on the bar within 3 per cent. SELECTION OF TEST SPECIMENS.—6. Forgings or Stampingsweighing 6 lbs. (3.7 kg.) or over.—(a) If desired, each piece may be required to have a prolongation for the tensile test.Two per cent, of the forgings or stampings in each lot shall be subjected to the tensile test, unless a tensile test is speci-fied for each forging or stamping. Forgings or Stampings weighing less than 6 lbs. (3.7 kg.) and of Suitable Section for securing a Tensile Test Specimen. —(b) Two per cent, of the forgings or stampings shall be taken for the tensile test. (c) Forgings or stampings from which no tensile test speci- men can be secured shall be represented by a bar forged from the same material and to the ruling section of the forgings or stampings in the lot. The bar must be heat treated with the lot which it represents. (d) At least one tensile test shall be made for each lot of 50 forgings or stampings. (e) A hardness test may be required on each forging or stamping offered. At least 25 per cent, of the pieces in each lot shall be tested for hardness. (/) All the forgings or stampings in a lot shall be heat treated at the same time, and if possible shall be from the same heat of steel. DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCES.—7. The forgings and stamp- ings shall conform to the dimensions on the drawings within the tolerances specified. Surfaces which are to be machined shall admit of finishing to the required dimensions without leaving trace of the original surface. PACKING, SHIPPING AND DELIVERY.—8. Small forgings or stampings shall be boxed for shipment; the gross weight of individual boxes must not exceed 220 lbs. (100 kg.). Each kind and lot of forgings or stampings shall be kept separate as inspected. (To be continued.) German Prisoners in Raid Zones. As the German Government have intimated that theyconsider themselves entitled to place British officers in what- ever localities may be convenient, whether specially liableto air raids or not, it is stated that the British Government have naturally decided to adopt a similar course. The Raid on Paris. IT has been officially announced that the casualties inthe panic at the Metropolitan Railway station in Paris during the air raid on March nth were 70 killed and 71injured. The Municipal Council of Paris has decided to giveassistance to families stricken in the recent air raids, and to grant perpetual concessions for their burial. The Govern-ment has decided that a special detachment of the military shall attend the funeral of each victim, and that the coffinsshall be covered with a Tricolour pall. Unsuccessful Attempt to Raid Naples. \ A SEMI-OFFICIAL announcement issued in Rome on March 15th stated that at 10 p.m. on the previous day " two - enemy airships were observed coming from the direction of the Vesuvius massif and flying towards Naples. All means of defence were at once put into action and prevented the enemy from flying over the city, which was not damaged." The Raids into Germany. x A TELEGRAM sent out from Berlin on March 15th says :— " During February the enemy made 23 air attacks on the German Homeland 13 of which were directed against industrial districts in Lorraine, Luxemburg, and in the valleys of the Saar and the Moselle. These 13 raids caused no interruption of work, and in the majority afccases the enemy aeroplanes did not reach our works, thanks to our anti-aircraft guns.Of the remaining 10 attacks, three were directed against Treves, and one each against Saarbrucken, Mannheim andPirmasens. " The enemy was unable to cause any military damage,but the damage to houses and private property was in many cases not inconsiderable. Twelve persons altogether werekilled, 15 severely and 21 slightly wounded. One enemy biplane fell into our hands." According to the Cologne Gazette, in the attack on Coblenz,five civilians were killed and 20 injured. Other reports state that in the attack oa Mainz ten persons were killed. Frankfurt house owners and householders are urged by theauthorities to keep their street doors open when there is an aerial alarm, and to receive in their cellars persons seekingshelter. •;-. . ._ -~* -; .; Two German Crack Pilots Killed. Two of the " star " German pilots have recently been killed in action. Lieut. Buddecke, who has been killed on an Eastern front had received the Order Pour le Merite, and was claimed to have brought down twelve enemy machines, while Capt. Baron von Tutscheek, who has recently fallen, after a fight with a French pilot, was credited with twenty- seven victories. German Aircraft Over Holland. ON the morning of March 18th Dutch coastguards fired on a number of Zeppelins which were cruising over territorial waters. At Neo (Ameland) and also at the Hook of Holland German aircraft were sighted apparently coming from the west. On March I3th,a German aeroplane containing two officers, landed at Hulst, Zeeland. - 321 "Ji
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