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Aviation History
1918
1918 - 0992.PDF
• Empennage.—One of the most characteristic features ofthe Hannoveraner machine is the biplane tail, of which the span is unusually small. The upper plane is mounted on thefin, which in itself forms a streamline extension of the rear- ward portion of the fuselage. As in previous German typeswhich have been described, the merging of the stream into the fin is very neatly carried out. The object of the biplanetail is evidently to mitigate the masking effect of the tail on the movable gun, as there is evidence that the gunner habitu-ally fires through the tail at hostile machines approaching from behind. The bottom plane is covered with -iVin. three-ply wood throughout, and the top plane with fabric. The fin is likewise covered with three-ply on which is applied alayer of fabric. Both upper and lower planes are fixed, there being no means of tail adjustment provided. Whereas the upper plane is flat and thin, the bottom planeis heavily cambered top and bottom. It is fitted with barbs to prevent mechanics lifting the machine by the taij, . An in-clined interplane strut is fitted on either side of the fin. This is of steel tube of approximately streamline section, and eachcell so formed is furnished with cross bracing wires. That por- tion of the fin which extends below the fuselage is used to pro-vide the mounting for the tail skid, the general arrangement of the tail being shown in photograph D. The tail skid is not pro-vided with a swivel mounting, but has a solid metal shoe of good dimensions with convex underside, allowing the skid SEPTEMBER 5, 1918. not fixed, but is carried by a tubular sleeve which is capableof rotation around the control stick tube. By moving this lever circumfejentially, the throttle is controlled by meansof a crank which is carried at the bottom end of the control stick sleeve. The throttle lever is fitted with a -ratchetoperated by a grip lever, as shown in the sketch. The elevators are controlled by the usual double-endedcranks, the wires being carried down the fuselage in small tubular guides.The rudder bar is built up of welded sheet steel, and is fitted with the usual heel rests. It is placed forward of thebulkhead, which provides a dashboard in front of the pilot's seat, and on each side, as shown in sketch, Fig. 10, sheet?metal casings are provided for tljg pilot's feet. This con- struction, which is, of course, dictated by considerations ofbody length, has the advantage of preventing the draught which usually comes from the underside of toe pilot's cockpit. The rudder control wires pass over pulleys on either sideof the base of the cockpit, and thence down the fuselage to the rudder.Engine Control.—The main throttle control is as described above. In addition, however, there is an independentthrottle control, consisting of a push rod carried through an opening on the dashboard. Either control can be used,independently. * The ignition advance lever is similarly arranged, and m m mi m m\ m m m m View of the radiator of the Hannover. to sideslip in answer to the rudder when running on theground. It is sprung with elastic bands at its forward end. The elevators are worked together, -and are coupled up asshown in Fig. 8. It will be noticed that this arrangement, in which the upper and lower links are brought to separatepins, and not to a single pin, results in the elevators being worked through slightly different angles, but this differentia-tion is in practice, of course, inappreciable. f* Control.—The ailerons are fitted to the top plane only.They measure 7 ft. o.£ ins. long, and project at each side about 7 ins. beyond the fixed wing tip. The framework onwhich they are built consists of light steel tubing. Ihe maximum chord of the aileron is at the wing tip, where itreaches 1 ft. 11 ins., having a minimum chord of 1 ft. 6 ins. at its inner end. A balancing area of approximately 1 sq. ft.is provided forward of the aileron pivot. The aileron control embodies a curved lever passing through a slot in the mainplane immediately ahead of the aileron. From each end of this lever, which forms part of the aileron framework, wiresare taken to pulleys on the lower wing, whence they proceed in guides behind the leading wing spar to the control stick,to which they are attached in such a manner that each aileron is actuated postively by a direct pull from the control stick,and not through the medium of a balancing wire. The control lever is of a type not previously found inGerman models. As shown in Fig. 9, it is provided with two inclined wooden handles, one of which, on the left side, is consists of a rod thrust through a plate on the dashboardand terminating in a small fibre handle. Radiator.—In accordance with the usual practice char-acteristic of German machines of this type, the radiator forms a part of the upper plane centre section. It has an area of27 ins. by 16 ins. and consists of the usual oval section horizontal tubes. f>w, Underneath the radiator and attached to the underside ofthe centre section is a circular grooved ring. This is evidently intended to carry a semicircular disc which is pivoted in abearing fixed in the side of the radiator, and the object of which is to act as a controllable radiator shutter.Petrol System.—The main petrol tank has a capacity of*: 30 gallons, and is fitted under the pilot's seat. It is circular >in section. On the left-hand side of the top plane centre " section close beside the radiator is a subsidiary tank, feedingvby gravity to the carburettor. This is used for starting-up.^ purposes. On its underside it carries a simple form of level!indicator. ; The main tank feeds the carburettor by air pressure, which;>is normally -25 gr. per sq. cm. ;. A hand air pump is mounted on the right-hand side of the fpilot's cockpit, and, as shown in sketch. Fig. 11, is fitted witfcs a long handle so as to be worked by either the pilot or thefobserver. "" The main tank is furnished with a Maximall petrol levelgauge, employing the principle of a float operating a dial by 992
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