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Aviation History
1920
1920 - 0066.PDF
••---""•••••'—• •-••---••- ...— -.. "Flight" Copyright THE DE MARQAY »PASSE-PARTOUT " : Sketch showing method of warping top plane for lateral control. of shorter distance were to Amsterdam, Casablanca, Seville, Brindisi, and Athens. Morane-Saulnier With the exception of one machine exhibited by L. Clement, the representation of the monoplane type of machine was left to Messrs. Morane-Saulnier, who exhibited no less than three complete monoplanes, all of the parasol type. In many ways it seems a pity that the monoplane has been so effectively killed by the War, since for small sporting machines, at any rate, the type has many things to recommend it. Thus, in the case of the parasol monoplane, a better view is obtained in all directions than is possible with any other combination. If the cantilever type of wing is employed there is no bracing, rigging, or trueing-up to attend to, and it would be a simple matter so to design the wing attachment that, for housing purposes, or for transport along a road, the wing could be pivoted so as to lie parallel to the fuselage, the necessary attachments being so designed that the operation of placing the wing ready for flight would occupy a few minutes only. JANUARY 15, 1920 Although this feature had not been taken advantage of in any of the Morane-Saulnier machines shown, we think the firm deserves credit for making themselves champions of the monoplane, as we feel sure that the last has by no means been heard of this type for small sporting machines. In a way, it may be said that Messrs. Morane-Saulnier have taken up the thread where they left it before the War, for it may be renmembered that at the Paris Aero Show of 1913 this firm exhibited among other machines a parasol monoplane, very similar to those shown this year. In a general way the three monoplanes exhibited were of very similar design, the only real differences being as regards the form of wing bracing and in the matter of seating arrange- ments. If, therefore, we take the type AR and describe it in detail, pointing out wherein the other machines differ, the general design and construction of all three machines will be understood. According to the makers, the Morane- Saulnier type AR has been designed for Tourismc. It is a two-seater, with two separate cockpits arranged in tandem, and the power plant is an 80 h.p. Le Rhone. Generally speaking, there is a good deal of similarity between this machine and the pre-War Moranes, of which several were flown at Hendon in 1914, a number of them being built under licence by the Grahame-White Co. There is this difference, however, that whereas the older machines were of the ordinary type, the new ones are all parasols. The wing bracing differs considerably from that of the earlier models. Instead of the two inverted Vees supporting the front spar and one inverted Vee under the rear ''par, with a three-legged cabane above the wing for the anti-lift bracing, the modern Morane-Saulnier type AR has for the support of its front spars a four-legged pyramid of steel tubes, and for the rear spar a simple inveited Vee. The top cabane consists of a single inverted Vee of wood, placed on the centre line of the wing. The whole wing is, therefore, more or less hinged around a central longitudinal axis, and is held in position by the cable bracing only. Construction- ally the wings are of standard type, with spars and ribs of wood. The ailerons—which have now supplanted the warping wings of the older models—are built of duralumin tube throughout. Each aileron is carried on three hinges, mounted on an auxiliary spar placed some little distance behind the rear main spar. The aileron carries a crank, linked to another crank on the main control tube by a short horizontal tube. The main control tube runs along the rear spar, and terminates at its inner end in a crank from which a tube runs down to the controls. The wing bracing is in the form of piano-wire, both above and below the wings. The fuselage construction is, in the main, similar to that of the older types, with the exception that in the modern machines the struts are placed with their ends on the longerons and not secured by bolts through strut and longeron, as were those of the pre-War machines. Also, instead of the hori- zontal knife-edge which characterised the old Moranes, the new machines have a vertical stern post, and are, in OOOOOO On the Morane- Saulnier Stand : On the left the M.S. two-seater, type AR. On the right the nose of a pre-War type Morane mono- plane, fitted with interrupter gear. " Flight " Copyright OOOOOO o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 64
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