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Aviation History
1920
1920 - 0315.PDF
MARCH 18, 1920 REPORT ON THE JUNKER ARMOURED TWO-SEATER BIPLANE, TYPE J.I (Concluded from page 293) W APPENDIX THE following is a translation of a German Instruction Manual for the Junker biplane. It was not available when the text of the report was prepared, but is included bej-ause it amplifies the text in several important particulars. J Special attention is directed to the descriptions of the putrol system, the radiator, and the wireless telegraph installation. the machine, enable the highest possible percentage of the engine power to be applied to increased speed and climb. Field of Vision The absence of struts and bracing wires, and the favourable arrangement of the wings, enable a very good view to be obtained. Fig. 34.—Side view of a wrecked Junker machine As pointed out in the actual report, the machines have been found to carry either a wireless telegraphy outfit (sending and receiving) or, alternatively, two fixed machine guns firing downwards and forwards. The paragraph on repairs refers twice to a special riveting apparatus. It is hoped to obtain particulars of this system, which allows good riveting to be carried out under conditions of extraordinary difficulty. Instruction Manual for Junk. J. 1 Armoured Biplane Junkers—Fokker—Werke A.G. Dessau ADVANTAGES OF THE JUNKERS TYPE OF METAL AEROPLANE WITH UNBRACED WINGS Strength In spite of the absence of struts and bracing wires, a high degree of safety is obtained with the Junkers construction. The results of the loading test carried out by the P.U.W. der Fliegertruppen (testing section and workshop of the Air Service), gave a margin of safety 30 per cent, higher than the required value (5 -8 factor of safety). The machines can withstand the most powerful stresses. For instance, the breakage of a wheel having caused a machine to turn turtle, only the tubular framework of the wings was damaged, the machine not being wrecked completely. Bullet-proof qualities The wing construction does not include any member which, if damaged, might endanger the safety of the whole. The liability of this machine to damage of any kind caused by projectiles is therefore extraordinarily low. Safety against Fire These machines, including rudders and fins, being almost entirely constructed of non-inflammable material, are im- pervious to incendiary bullets or fires started in the carburettor. Speed The unbraced wings and the narrow fuselage without struts and bracing wires, which all add to the head resistance of A variability for Service This machine requires no rigging, and therefore no trueing- up is necessary. No distortion occurs, even after a long period of exposure to the weather. Uses and Properties of the Armoured Biplane The armoured biplane is a machine specially constructed for the requirements of infantry contact work. Special attention has, therefore, been paid to the protection of the engine, crew and wireless. The weight of the armour- ing is 470 kg., and, therefore, the climb of this machine is low as compared to a fighter machine, and it requires a longer run at starting and landing. Owing to the aerodynamic qualities of the thick unbraced wings, this machine possesses a high speed and an excellent gliding capacity. As regards the equipment, special attention has been paid to obtain a convenient and simple arrangement of the fittings. Preference is given to the wireless telegraph apparatus over the armament. A rmouring The armouring consists of a casing (open only at the top) of highly tempered special steel 5 mm. thick, made by the well-known " Panzerwerke " of Dillingen. This armouring is an efficient protection against rifle fire and shrapnel at the closest possible range. The armoured casing weighs 470 kg. The engine armouring comes up to the top of the engine. The engine, pilot, observer, fuel tanks, wireless telegraph apparatus, ammunition and part of the controls, are all within the armoured casing. Any parts of the control outside the armouring are all duplicated. Engine Installation A six-cylindered 200 h.p. Benz engine* is used (see descrip- tion of action and fuel supply system issued by the Benz firm of Mannheim). • Actually 230 h.p. 315 F 2
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