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Aviation History
1920
1920 - 0376.PDF
APRIL I, 1920 THE JUNKER SINGLE-SEATER ALL-METAL MONOPLANE, —.:-..- ,;,,3,::, ' v ,:•:/ TYPE D1 * • -:,,^^:v~-. THE aeroplane forming the subject of the report was examined at Evere aerodrome, near Brussels. Its earlier history is unknown, but the fuselage showed clearly that it" had been struck by several bursts of machine-gun bullets. • The evidence for its classification as a D i model is men- tioned under the heading " Painting." While the aerodynamic design is interesting, the con- structional features are judged to be of great importance. The machine is entirely constructed of metal, is unarmoured, and carries still further the positive system of control and the elimination of cables noticed in the case of the biplane. It mav be mentioned, in passing, that the machine had been dumped in the open, and had shared the varied weather Area of centre section (one side) 5-8 sq.ft. ' : r Total, supporting surface (both • _-: sides) .. .. .. .. 158-8 .-'"•"..•• Area of fixed tail planes (both _ . sides) . . . . . . .. 12-2 .. -. ,: • Area of elevator .. .. 18-2 ' .'_ ' i. Area of rudder (estimated) .. 8-2 ;_ Horizontal area of fuselage .. 36-8 Vertical area of fuselage .. 64-5 ' -'•"-•• ~ Wings, General Design The Junker monoplane presents, at first sight, the appear- ance of a biplane with the upper plane removed, the wings Front view of the Junker D 1 monoplane of several months with other machines constructed of wood and fabric materials. The Junker had hardly suffered, while the orthodox type of machine had seriously deteriorated. In some places, however, the duralumin sheet was covered with a thin coating of white crystals, and appeared to have become brittle. General Particulars Type of machine Purpose Engine Span Overall length Chord (&t root of wings) Maximum height (estimated) .. Maximum cross-sectional area of body D 1 monoplane. Single-seater fighter. 180 h.p. Mercedes. 29 ft. 2 ins. 22 ft. o ins. 5 ft. 11£ ins. 9 ft. 5 ins. 9-25 sq. ft. Airscrew .i / Axial; pitch, 2,150 mm.* * "' "' \ Diameter, 2,740 mm. Area of each wing (with aileron, ,. '" . „. as far as junction with centre "" section) .. .. .. 73-6 Area of one aileron .. .. 10-25 • Report issued ty Directrrate of Reseirch, Air Ministry. being found where the lower plane of a biplane is usually fitted. There is a short horizontal centre section which is built up integrally with the body, and which contains seven tubular spars. To each side of this section is attached a plane, which is shaped as shown in the general arrangement drawings. The dihedral angle is adjustable; the evidence of a German photogragh indicates a dihedral angle of 30 on the upper surface of the wings. There is no sweep back. Wing Construction In its broad outlines the construction of the planes of the monoplane is similar to that of the biplane wings. In both Junker machines the designer has separated himself com- pletely from the influence due to the use of the wood spars and ribs that are almost universally employed in a non- metal wing construction, and has set out to use his new material in the best possible way. Instead of two main spars crossed more or less at right angles by built-up ribs, the construction described and illustrated below has resulted. A series of tubular duralumin spars are strongly braced by means of riveted duralumin cross-pieces, and to the frame thus formed is riveted a corrugated sheet covering, also of duralumin. K JK Three - quarter rear view of the Junker Dl mono- plane 376
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