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Aviation History
1922
1922 - 0159.PDF
MARCH 16, 1922 any of the accessory fittings. The cowling is hinged aft of the engine top and bottom, so that it may be raised or lowered entirely out of the way and yet not require complete removal. The wing section employed in both machines is the Got- tingen 387. Both upper and lower wings are built upon veneer-sided box spars. The veneer sides terminate at points about one-fifth of the span from the wing tips, the remaining portion of the spar being formed by a Warren truss supporting the upper and lower members of the spar. The ribs are of balanced, washed-out type. They are carried upon false spars, and are identical in area and arrangement with Fokker D-VII design. The leading edge consists of a large steel tube, and the trailing edge a much smaller gauge tubing ; they are connected by short triangular ribs of steel tubing. The ailerons are actuated by a push-and-pull rod extending within the wing, and connected by a bell crank and tube to the horn on the aileron tube. Movement of this push-and- pull rod is obtained by the use of two cables running over four special construction and novel design. Owing to the great wing-depth two independent girders of basswood are used to form the top and bottom flanges, fastened together by suitably spaced vertical members. The fabric is sewed separately about the upper and lower parts, giving added security by forming an independent attachment for both surfaces. Sand texts have been carried out on these ribs beyond the required f.s. of 8 without sign of failure. The entering edge is of veneer. pulleys and fastened to it directly over the cockpit. By removing two connections, readily accessible through holes in the lower surface, the upper wing may be removed with its controls complete. The tail surfaces consist of an adjustable horizontal stabi liser, a one-piece unbalanced elevator hinged to the trailing edge of the stabiliser, and a vertical fin and balanced rudder braced by two adjustable tubes. Aluminium sheathing is provided to prevent leakage at the union of the stabiliser 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 The Huff-Daland H.D.4B Biplane : Another type, the forerunner of the H.D.8A and H.D.9A, used for training purposes. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 A double set of drift wires, which independently truss the upper and lower members of the spars, give unusual rigidity. The top plane is supported with a rigid connection between the -rear afar and the apex of the fuselage longeron, and three additional struts on each side. These are located as in the Fokker D-VII biplanes, one extending from the lower fuselage longeron at junction with lower rear wing spar to the upper rear wing spar at the end of the centre section ; a second strut extends from the forward extremity of the lower longeron —at junction with front chassis strut—to the front top wing spar, corresponding to the rear spar attachment. The third strut runs from the top of the second to the forward extremity of the auxiliary fuselage longeron. These struts, as well as the " N " interplane struts, are of streamline steel tubing, the " N " struts being adjustable for the correction of inci dence. The lower wing fits into a recess formed in the fuselage bottom, and is secured by four large bolts-—a system also similar to that employed on the Fokker D-VII. Ailerons are fitted to the top plane only, and are of the and the elevator. Conventional controls are used for the rudder and elevator. The usual V-type landing gear is fitted, constructed of steel tubing, but the method of securing the shock-absorber cords is somewhat unusual. These are wrapped on separate spindles and fitted as units, providing an easy means of replacement. An extremely simple petrol system is employed on these machines, consisting of two 11-gal. tanks located in the middle of the top plane, each connected by a f-in. steel tube carrying in its centre a sight gauge, giving a positive record at all times to the pilot. Petrol flows by gravity directly from the tank to the carburettor, using the hollow flying struts as a medium—outlets being welded at the upper and lower ends for hose connections. In a similar way a large hand pump, accessible from the cockpit, is connected through another strut to the tanks, and thus provides an easy and quick means for filling the tanks. During flight tests with these machines the characteristic 159
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