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Aviation History
1922
1922 - 0519.PDF
SEPTEMBER 7, 1922 •&-in. lateral motion of the drum. This motion is trans mitted by a system of levers (5) to the three mirrors (6), which reflect the light beam on to the film through the lens (7) in the same way as with the other N.A.C.A. recording instruments. As three separate records are superimposed on one film, it is necessary to have some way of distinguishing between them. This is accomplished by revolving slowly in front of two of the mirrors a sector shutter (8). One mirror therefore gives a continuous line, one a dotted line and one a dash line. The cords can be connected directly to any convenient portion of the control system, but if it is desired to have a high degree of accuracy it is advisable to run small steel wires to the control horns so that any backlash in the control systems may be eliminated. If this is done a precision of i° can be easily obtained, and this is quite sufficient for any ordinary work. The instrument is calibrated in place by setting the control surfaces to given angles and taking a short record on the film for each setting. Some records taken by this instrument on a J.N.4I1 are shown in Fig. 2. Although they are not as clear as the original film, the different records can be distinguished. The curves are usually replotted by measuring the distances on the film from the zero line and then multiplying by the calibration constant to give the true angle in degrees. These angles are then plotted against a time base so as to agree with the records from other instruments. The record of the landing shows the three-second vertical timing lines placed on the film by a light in the instrument case, which is connected, together with timing lights in other instruments, to an electric chronometer. This instrument has been used mainly by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics in the study of stability, controllability and manoeuvrability. For this work a know ledge of the position of the controls is essential, but the method formerly used of reading the angle visually was too slow and inaccurate for most of the work. This instrument will obtain more data in a few minutes' flight than could be obtained before in flights of many hours, so that the cost of this kind of research has been greatly reduced by this means. Another use of this instrument is for the study of control movements in various types of manoeuvres. This is quite important, as the pilot cannot remember exactly how he moves his controls in order to execute a given stunt. It would also be of considerable value to check up on new pilots and to show them how their execution of a manoeuvre differs from that of a skilled pilot. H H H m NOTICES TO AIRMEN Prohibited Area at Chalais-Meudon 1. In consequence of the dangers resulting from the frequent ascents of and altitudes attained by the captive balloons flown from the Chalais-Meudon establishment (south west of Paris and east of Versailles), all aircraft are prohibited from flying at any altitude over the area defined by the following points :— To the South.—The village of Petit Bicestre (on the Ver- sailles-Choisy le Roi road). To the West.—" La Garenne de Villacoublay," " La Grange Dame Rose " and " l'Etang des Fonceaux." To the North.—-That part of the Paris-Montparnesse-Ver sailles railway from Bellevue Station to the Meudon viaduct. To the East.—The north-east edge of the Clamart wood and the road from Chatillon to Le Petit Bicestre. 2. Previous notice affected : Notice to Airmen No. 44 of 1922. (No. 87 of 1922.) Belgium : Circuit Rule for Aircraft in the Vicinity of State Aerodromes 1. In future all circuits made by aircraft on departing from public aerodromes owned by the Belgian State shall be left-handed, i.e., anti-clockwise. In the event of there being an exception to this rule, a further notice will be issued. 2. Authority.—Belgian Notice to Airmen No. 12 of 1922. (No. 95 of 1922.) NOTICE TO GROUND ENGINEERS Inspection and Certification of Instruments 1. THE attention of Ground Engineers is directed to Article 11 and Schedule II, para. 8, of the Air Navigation Order, 1922, and to paras. 29, 35, 37, 41, 42 and 43 of the Air Navigation Directions, 1922 (A.N.D. 3), in so far as these relate to the instruments to be carried by British flying machines registered in the British Islands, and to the inspection and certification of such instruments. These publications may be obtained direct from H.M. Stationery Office, Imperial House, Kingsway, W.C. 2, or through any bookseller, at a cost of nrf. and 3d. respectively. 2. It will be observed that on and after November 1, 1922, certain instruments must be carried by all British flying machines registered in the British Islands, and that the inspection and certification of such instruments before flight, in accordance with Schedule II, para. 8, of the Order, must be carried out, except in the case of the instruments specified in (d) of para. 35 of the Directions (A.N.D. 3), by a Ground Engineer licensed in Category E. 3. Arrangements have accordingly been made whereby licensed Ground Engineers who are desirous of having their licences extended to cover Category E—inspection of the instruments other than those specified in (d) of para. 35 of the Air Navigation Directions, 1922 (A.N.D. 3)—-can undergo examination for this purpose. These examinations will be held in London from September 1 onwards. In the case of Ground Engineers operating at the London Terminal Aero drome, Croydon, arrangements will be made for the examina tion to take place at that station, while in the case of Ground Engineers operating in the provinces, examinations may be arranged during October if the number of applications received is sufficient to warrant special " Boards " in pro vincial centres. Applications for examination should be made to the Secretary (D.C.A.), Air Ministry, and should be accompanied by the necessary fee of 5s. Candidates will be informed of the date and time fixed for examination. 4. Applicants for licences under this category may apply to be licensed for all the instruments specified in paras. 41 and 42 of the Air Navigation Directions, 1922 (A.N.D. 3), other than those specified in (d) of para. 35 thereof, or for such instruments only as the nature of their employment may require them to certify. The minimum requirements for a licence will be ability to pass an examination in the following instruments, which must be carried by all flying machines: Air speed indicator, altimeter, gauges, revolution indicator. 5. The examinations will be based on the following syllabus :— (1) Air Speed Indicator.—General principles of construction and operation—Installation of indicator and pitot head in the aircraft—Pipe lines—Methods of testing—Detection and rectification of defects in installation. (2) Altimeter.—General principles of construction and operation—Installation in aircraft—Method of testing. (3) Gauges (including air and oil pressure gauges and radiator thermometer).—General principles of construction and operation—Installation in aircraft—Methods of test. (4) Revolution Indicator.—General principles of construction and operation—Installation in aircraft—Causes of failure to function. (5) Indicator t>f Wheel Position.—General principles of operation. (6) Compass.—General principles of construction and operation—Installation in aircraft—" Swinging " of compass —Maintenance and minor adjustments. (7) Turning Indicator.—General principles of construction and operation of the various types—Installation in aircraft— Methods of testing and minor adjustments to installation. (8) Watch.— Installation in aircraft—Setting and adjust ments. (9) Lighting Set (including navigation lights, landing lights and illumination of instruments).—General principles of lay-out and installation in aircraft—Wiring diagrams— Tracing of defects—Care and maintenance of instruments, connections and accumulators. General knowledge of standard requirements with regard to electrical installation in aircraft. (10) Electrical Bonding (in the case of aircraft fitted with Wireless Apparatus).—Methods of jointing—Points where bonding is necessary and position of same-—Methods of testing for electrical continuity—External wiring of approved wireless apparatus—General knowledge of standard require ments with regard to electrical installation in aircraft. (n) Drift Indicator.—General principles of construction and correct methods of installation in aircraft. The descriptive handbook issued as Air Publication 388, " General Instrument and Oxygen Equipment " (1921), will be of use to candidates for this examination. This handbook may be obtained direct from H.M. Stationery Office, Imperial House, Kingsway, W.C. 2, or through any bookseller, price 5s. net. (No. 9 of 1922.) 519
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