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Aviation History
1923
1923 - 0412.PDF
JULY 19, 1923 Three views of the 450 h.p. Napier "Lion " aero engine. Altitude control cocks are fitted, and are inter-connected withthrottle control. Lubrication is by pressure throughout to big ends, gudgeonpins, bearings of camshaft and forward bearing of crankshaft. The reduction gears are lubricated by oil ejected on to theteeth from a pipe connected to the crankshaft lubricating system. Valve tappets and cams are lubricated by the oilescaping from the camshaft bearings, which drains into the sump and is delivered thence to the supply tank by suctionpumps. An adjustable pressure relief valve is incorporated in the system. The Napier petrol starter is provided, by means of whichfuel is pumped into the cylinders and ignited by a hand starting magneto operated through the special distributors ofengine magnetos. A simple mechanism for opening the valves on each block of cylinders by hand is fitted. The principal dimensions, etc., of the " Lion " are :—Boreand stroke, 5| by 5J ins. ; normal h.p., 450 at 2,000 r.p.m. high compression ratio 5-8 to 1, and 425 at 2,000 r.p.m., lowcompression ratio 5 to 1 ; airscrew reduction, 1 to 1 • 52 ; fuel consumption, -48 lbs. per b.h.p. hour; oil consumption•028 lbs. per b.h.p.-hour ; weight complete 900 lbs. ; weight per h.p., 2 lbs. ; length overall to centre of airscrew, 4 ft. 9 ins.width overall, 3 ft. 6 ins. ; height overall, 3 ft. The 1,000 h.p. " Cub," the most powerful aero engine inthe world, was originally designed for the British Air Force and therefore many constructional details of this interestingmachine are not available A very good idea as to the general lay-out, however, may be obtained from the accompanyingillustrations. It has 16 cylinders, arranged in four banks of four in cruciform, the angle between the upper two banksbeing about 45°, and that between the lower about 135°. This arrangement greatly simplifies installation—by no meansan easy matter with large sized engines—and allows a com- paratively unobstructed field of vision for the pilot when theenginejjis mounted in^the nose of an aeroplane. The lower portion of the crankcase is formed into a sump, and in its forward end are cast the carburettors. At the other end of the crankcase are the valve gear, magneto, and pump drives. ' On the upper half of the crankcase, between the top V of cylinders, is the housing for the reduction gear. Each cylinder has four valves, operated by rocker arms from a single camshaft per bank of cylinders. The arrange- ment of the induction pipes may be seen on reference to the illustrations. The following is a brief specification of the " Cub " :— Bore, 6J ins. ; stroke, 1\ ins. ; normal b.h.p. and speed, 1,000 b.h.p. at 1,800 r.p.m. ; total swept volume of engine, 3,681 -6 cubic ins. ; compression ratio, 5-2—1 ; normal speed of propeller, 872 r.p.m. ; type of gear reduction to propeller, spur gearing ; lubrication, forced to all bearings ; type of carburettors, quadruple carburettor cast with oil sump; mixture control, hand control ; fuel consumption per hour, •5 pints per h.p. hour ; ignition, four magnetos ; starting, distributor provided for gas- starter. Rolls-Royce, Ltd., 14, Conduit Street, London, W. 1 OF the several successful aero engines manufactured bythis famous firm, two are " featured " at the Gothenburg Exhibition. These are the 650 h.p. " Condor" and the370 h.p. " Eagle IX." Both these engines are of the 12- cylinder, water-cooled V-type, and inasmuch as both enginesare in many respects of similar design and construction, the following general remarks apply to the two types. The " Condor " was designed just before the Armistice tomeet the demand for an engine of high horse-power for carrying big loads over long distances, whilst the " Eagle IX " is arecent improvement on the famous " Eagle VIII." The cylinders, machined from carbon-steel forgings, are mountedseparately on the crankcase in two rows of six at 60 . The heads are integral with the barrels, and the water jackets aredie-pressed sheet steel, welded at the joints. The " Condor " m H m . m B H H B H a H H HI El The 600 h.p. Rolls-Royce water- cooled 8-cylinder V aero engine. „ - -V.:- 412
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