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Aviation History
1924
1924 - 0788.PDF
Bulkheads or formers of various built-up and channel sections provide the shape, and four main longerons, with a number of light stringers, complete the framework, which is after wards covered with sheet Duralumin riveted to formers and longerons. At the show it was not possible to obtain sketches of the fuselage construction, as both the machines shown had their fuselages entirely covered. It is gathered, however, that the construction has been found in practice to-be both strong and simple to manufacture. By way of proof of the strength of his machines, M. Dewoitine exhibits a machine of the D.l C.l type, which was overturned at full speed when the pilot had to land in a thick fog. So far as could be ascertained the only damage sustained was a bent rudder post and one or two holes in the fabric covering of the wing. The Dewoitine wing construction is, like that of the fuselage, entirely metallic, and the material used is Duralumin. The wing spars are of built-up box section, the sides of the spar being of channel section and the flanges flat strips, angle-sections being used in the four corners. Possibly this form of construction can be used satisfactorily with Duralumin, where one can work with considerably thicker strip, but in steel it would scarcely be found to be economical. The ribs are tubular, both as regards flanges and lattice bars, the joints being made by wrapping thin Duralumin plates around all the members to be joined, and rivetting through the whole with tubular rivets. The rib construction is, in fact, dentical with that of S.E.C.M., who, we understand, build most of Dewoitine's machines (as, in fact, they appear to build the majority of the French all-Duralumin aeroplanes). The equipment is that usual in single-seater fighters, i.e., two synchronised machine-guns, with 800 rounds of ammuni tion for each. The main dimensions of the Dewoitine D.l C.l are : Length overall, 7-5 metres (24 ft. 7 ins.) ; height, 2-75 metres (9 ft. 1 in.) ; span, 11-5 metres (37 ft. 9 ins.) ; wing area 20 sq. metres (215 sq. ft.). The figures for weights, etc., are : Weight empty, 820 kgs. (1,800 lbs.) ; fuel and oil, 200 kgs. (440 lbs.) ; useful load (i.e., pilot, armament and instruments), 220 kgs. (485 lbs.) ; total loaded weight 1,240 kgs. (2,725 lbs.). Power loading, 9 lbs./h.p. ; wing loading, 14 Ibs./sq. ft. The maximum speed at ground level is 247 km./h. (154£ m.p.h.) ; at 2,000 metres (6,560 ft.), 250 km./h. (156 m.p.h.). The climb to 5,000 metres occupies 15 mins. 6 sees. Practical ceiling, 8,500 metres (27,900 ft.). Landing speed, 80 km./h. (50 m.p.h.). The Dewoitine commercial monoplane, the D.14, is a large machine intended to be used either as a freight carrier or as a passenger machine. As exhibited, it is fitted up to carry six passengers, but the seats can be removed in order to con vert the saloon mto a freight hold. The space is really divided into three separate compartments, of which normally the front one is intended for freight and/or luggage, while the central cabin has four seats and communicates with the third compartment, containing the lavatory. At the show the front compartment is provided with two seats, giving a total passenger accommodation of six. The machine is of wood construction, but presumably if it were to be ordered in quantities it could be turned out in metal. The construc tion is straightforward, and d6es not call for comment. The main dimensions, weights, etc., are as follows : Length overall, 12-2 metres (40 ft.) ; height, 3-35 metres (11 ft.) ; wing span, 18-8 metres (61 ft. 8 ins.) ; wing area, 45-5 sq. metres (490 sq. ft.) ; weight of machine empty, 1,850 kgs. (4,070 lbs.) ; weight of fuel and oil (for four hours), 350 kgs. (770 lbs.) ; useful load, 600 kgs. (1,320 lbs.), i.e.,'pilot and accessories, 100 kgs. (220 lbs.), and passengers and /or freight, 500 kgs. (1,100 lbs.). Total loaded weight, 2,800 kgs. (6,160 lbs.). The machine exhibited is fitted with 450 h.p. Lorraine type 12 EW, but the engine mounting is so designed that the engine can quickly be changed, and, if desired, a 450 Hispano or 500 Salmson can be fitted instead. The Dewoitine D.14 has a speed at 2,000 metres, of 180 km./h. (112-5 m.p.h.) and a landing speed of 78 km. /h. (48-75 m.p.h.). The last machine on the Dewoitine stand is the little light monoplane, the type D.7, which is similar to that used by Barbot in his cross-Channel flight, with the exception that a new Vaslin engine has been fitted. This is a six-cylinder in line, water-cooled, of 2 litres capacity. The engine is stated to weigh 62 kgs. (136£ lbs.) without propeller and radiator, but including oil, and to develop 35 h.p. at 2,200 r.p.m. and 55 h.p. at 3,000 r.p.m. The machine is, of course, a single-seater, and we learn that in small quantities the price is 35,000 fr. (approximately £430 at present rate of exchange). If ordered in larger quantities the price is expected to be reduced to about 20,000 fr. (£250). It is not proposed at present to give a very detailed description of this machine, as we hope to return to it in a subsequent issue. The performance claimed for it is extraordinarily good, and is somewhat difficult to believe. A top speed of 150 km./hr. (94 m.p.h.) is claimed, and a landing speed of 30 km./hr. (18| m.p.h.). Neither figure seems probable, the latter because the wing loading is about 4 lbs.'sq. ft. and the former because the wing section employed is of the Joukowsky or " tadpole " type. The Vaslin engine is, however, very interesting, and we hope to give a detailed description of it at an early date. AVIONS HANRIOT THE Hanriots, Pere and fils, who were among the pioneers not only of French aviation, but of aviation in general, are represented at the Grand Palais this year mainly by school machines of various types, a class of machine with which they have been singularly successful, although they have also ON THE HANRIOT STAND : On the left a general view of the stand, showing the monoplane in the foreground. On the right the biplane single-seater fighter with Salmson engine
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