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Aviation History
1926
1926 - 0935.PDF
DECEMBER 9, 1926 shaft, incidentally, is in three pieces. There are four valvesper cylinder, the inlet valves being underneath and the exhaust valves on top. Four carburettors are fitted, oneat each " corner " so to speak, each carburettor supplying three cylinders. The engine can be used either as a direct drive, or as ageared-down engine, the same front cover being used in either case, and the transformation from geared to directdrive being carried out merely by removing two spurs from the front of the crankshaft. When geared the ratio ofengine speed to propeller speed is in the order of 2,000 to 1,060 r.p.m. The engine can be used either as a tractor oras a pusher. The main data relating to the " Caffort " engine are asfollows : bore, 145 mm. ; stroke, 150 mm. ; cubic capacity, 29-742 litres; volumetric compression pressure (cold),5-3 kgs. ; normal speed, 2,000 r.p.m.; normal propeller speed, 1,060 r.p.m.; power, 500 b.h.p. at 2,000 r.p.m.;petrol consumption, 250 gr. per horse-power/pr. hour ; oil, 20 gr./h.p./hr. ; weight of engine, 600 kg. It is believed that the power will later be increased to600 h.p., while the weight can be considerably reduced. In this first experimental engine no attempt has been made tocut the weight down. THE FARMAN ENGINESIN view of the fact that but lew changes have been made in the Farman engines since the last Paris Aero Show in1924, and that such alterations as are found are for the most part minor ones dictated by considerations connected with themanufacture of the engines, there is little need for a detailed description here. On the Farman engine stand are exhibitedone of the 500/550 h.p. broad arrow type 12 WE engines and one 700 h.p. engine, also of the broad arrow type (the18 cylinder 18 WD), and a partly stripped 500 h.p. type which, a placard announces, has flown, in a Farman F.I70machine, 50,000 km. in 300 hours, officially controlled by the S.N.Ae. The Farman 500 h.p. engine has annexed, in one year, noless than 14 world's records, including altitude with useful load of 2,000 to 6,000 kg., duration without landing 45 hours12 mins., and distance without landing 4,400 km. The Farman type 12 WE has the following characteristics :Bore, 130 mm. ; stroke, 160 mm. Compression ratio, 5-5 to 1 or 6-5 to 1. Nominal power, 500 h.p. at 2,130 r.p.m.;maximum power of low compression type 540 h.p. at 2,200 r.p.m. The geared type can be supplied with twodifferent ratios : 2 to 1 and 1-53 to 1. Petrol consumption 230 gr. per h.p. per hour. Oil 10 gr. per h.p. per hour. Weightot direct drive engine, 470 kg. The 700 h.p. type 18 WD engine is similar to that shownat the previous Paris Aero Show, but the power has been increased from 600 h.p. to 700 h.p. by increasing the speedfrom 1,750 r.p.m. to 1,850 r.p.m., and by other minor improve- ments. It has a bore of 130 mm. and a stroke of 180 mm.Like the smaller engine, it is supplied with two compression ratios : 5-5 or 6-5 to 1. The nominal power ol 700 h.p. is developed at a speed of 1,850 r.p.m., while a maximum powerof 820 h.p. is developed at 1,920 r.p.m. The geared-down type can be supplied with two different ratios : 2 to 1 and1 -53 to 1, as in the case of the smaller engine. The petrol consumption is 230 gr./h.p./hr., and the oil consumption10 gr. 'h.p./h. The direct drive engine weighs 725 kgs. THE FIAT ENGINES IT had been hoped that the Paris Aero Show would have afforded an opportunity of examining the Fiat engine fitted in the Macchi monoplane on which Commandant de Bernardi won the Schneider Cup seaplane race at an average speed of 396-6 km./h., and on which he later established a world's record for seaplanes by flying over the measured straight line course at an average speed of 416'605 km. h. Unfortu- ENGINES AT THE PARIS SHOW: The Fiat A.20, 410 h.p. model. nately, however, this engine is not exhibited, and so visitorsto the Grand Palais have to be content with an examination of the A.20, A.22, and A.25 engines exhibited on the Fiatstand. All three are generally similar, are of the water- cooled 12 cylinder Vee type, and are very " clean," muchof the neat appearance doubtless being due to the placing of the carburettors between the cylinder banks. The Fiat A.20 has a bore of 115 mm. and a stroke of 150 mm.The cubic capacity is 18-7 litres, and the engine develops a normal power of 410 h.p. at 2,060 r.p.m., and a maximum of455 h.p. at 2,400 r.p.m. The weight dry is 336 kg., and with water 346 kg. The A.22 is a slightly more powerful engine of the following ENGINES AT THE PARIS SHOW : The Fiat A-22 model, a 12-cylinder "V " of 550 h.p. and the A-25, 900 h.p. 807 D2
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