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Aviation History
1928
1928 - 1180.PDF
isas DECEMBER 27, 1928 bolts, one vertical and one horizontal, slightly staggered so as to clear each other. Each side of the fuselage is built up on jigs, and the two sides are then turned into a complete structure by the insertion of the transverse struts in the top and bottom bays. With this method of assembly in view, the fuselage side struts are provided with a cupped-end socket which receives the ball-shaped bolt head, as shown in our sketches. The cross struts, however, have fork-ended sockets which engage with the eye bolts. This description joint at the front spar attachment, and Fig. 3 the correspond-ing joint at the rear spar and undercarriage strut attach- ment. The method of building up the members and units onjigs ensures strict interchangeability, not only of details but of complete units. The Wing Structure As the basis of the Armstrong-Whitworth all-metal wings is the steel strip spars, these will be dealt with first. The [" FtlCHT " Sketches ARMSTRONG-WHITWORTH STEEL WING CONSTRUCTION : The arrangement and attachment of ribs is shown in 1. Note that the ribs are clipped in place by a toggle, details of which are given in 7. The leading edge is attached to the nose of the rib by clips, as shown in 2, 3 and 4. The trailing edge uses a slightly different arrangement, as shown in 5, which represents the point where the tubular wing tip is attached to the " D " section trailing edge. Specially strong ribs are used in certain places, and in this case the flange is wider and of the section shown in 6. This particular section is also used for fuselage stringers to carry the fabric. applies to the rear portion of the fuselage, the structure of which is completed by tie rod bracing secured to wiring plates. In the forward portion of the fuselage, slightly different joints are employed, due chiefly to the need for attaching to the joints here such items as wing spars, undercarriage struts, etc. The fittings which form the joints at these points are forgings which may be either spherical with tubular extensions or more complicated, with projecting lugs for the attachment of a number of members meeting at this point. Thus in the set of fuselage sketches, Fig. 2 shows the fuselage sketches on page 1084 show some typical spar sections, and also drag strut and inter-plane strut fittings. Two general types of spar are produced as standard, differing only in the type of web used. The standard full-depth spar consists of two booms joined by a fairly deep web, both the booms and the web being corrugated. The corrugations are not, as is more frequently the case, in the form of smooth curves but in a series of straight fiats, adjacent flats being joined by curves of very small radius. The second type of spar, shown in Fig. 6 (Continued on page 1087) 1086
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