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Aviation History
1934
1934 - 0501.PDF
Mmy 24, 1934 AIRCRAFftNGINEERAND AIRSHIPS FIRST AERONAUTICAL WEEKLY IN THE WORLD founded^ in 1909 by DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS.PRACTICE AND PROGRESS 01 AERIAL LOCOMOTION ANDTRANSPORT ed in 1 OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE ROYAL AERO CLUB OF THE UNITED KINGDOM No. 1326. Vol. XXVI. 26th Year. MAY 24, 1934 Weekly, Price fed.Past Free, 7Jc". Abroad, 8d. EDITORIAL, ADVERTISING, AND PUBLISHING OFFICES : Dorset House, Stamford Street, London, S.E.I Telegrams : " Truditur, Watloo, London." Telephone: Hop 3333 (50 lines). UNITED 3 Months6 „ 12 „ Subscription KINGDOM s. d...8 3 .. 16 6.. 33 0 Rates, Post Fru. OTHER COUNTRIES 3 Months •6 .. 12 „ 5. 8 . J7 . 35 d. 9 60 CONTENTS Editorial Comment: PAGE The Diesel Position 501 Fairey Night Bomber 3 Bristol " Phoenix " 4 Empire Air Day 506 Coupe Deutsch .. .. 510 Deschamps Diesel Engine .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 514 Airisms from the Four Winds . . . . .. . . .. . . 515 Commercial Aviation . . .. .. .. .. .. . . 517 Foreign Aircraft 521 From the Clubs 3 Book Reviews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525 The Royal Air Force 526 The Industry 528 DIARY OF CURRENT AND FORTHCOMING EVENTS CUti Secretaries and others desirous of announcing the dates of important fixtures are invited to send particulars for inclusion in tins list:— May 24. Empire Air Day.May 26. Opening of Doncaster Airport. May 27. Deutscb de la Meurthe Cup.May 30. Entries close at double fee for King's Cup Race. May 31. Conversazione and "Stalling." Wilbur WrightMemorial Lecture, by Prof. B. Melvill Jones, before R.Ae.S.May 31. Celebration Banquet, Guildhall, Hull, on occasion of First International Air Service (Hull-Amsterdam).June 1. Entries close at 12 noon for London-Melbourne Race.June 2. Brooklands Air Race Meeting. June 2. Brooklands "At Home."Jane 3. London Aeroplane Club Garden Party, Hatfield. June 9. Reading Ae.C. Annual " At Home."June 16. R.A.F. Reserve Flying Club Annual Plying Display, Hatfield.June 23. Lancashire Ae.C. Air Display, Woodford. June 23. Henly Rally. Heston Airport.June 30. Royal Air Force Display, Hendon. July 3-9. 4th International Congress for Applied Mechanics,Cambridge. July 7. Opening of Leicester Airport.July 8. French International 12-Hours Reliability Trial. July 13-14. King's Cup Race. Start and finish at Hatfield.July 21. Round the Isle of Wight Air Race. July 21-22. French Grand Prix.July 28. Bristol and Wessex Ae.C. Garden Party. July 29. London-Sherburn Race (York County Aviation Club).Aug. 11. London-Newcastle Race (Newcastle-on-Tyne Ae.C.J. Aug. 15. Air Tour of Italy.Aug. 17-Sep. 6. Copenhagen Aero Show. Aug. 25. Liverpool and District Ae.C. Garden Party, SpekeAerodrome. JL he Diesel xositionW ITH its record flight to 28,000 ft, the Bristol " Phoenix " compression-ignition engine has once again focussed attention upon a subject which was coming to be looked upon by many as " shelved." The history of the Diesel aero engine has had at times an appear- ance of vacillation. It began with a general assump- tion, soon to be disproved, that the Diesel type of operation, in which ignition is not by an electric spark but by the high temperature reached by com- pressing air in the combustion chamber, admitting the fuel in the form of a fine spray when the maxi- mum compression has been reached, was fundament- ally unsuited to aero-engine design, the pressures reached being such that very high stresses were set up, and a high weight per horse-power being inevitable. This period of scepticism was followed, when research and development proved the high-speed Diesel capable of a good power output for a given weight, by a period of undue optimism. Weight could be, and was, cut down to figures not very inferior, in the matter of weight per h.p., to those common in petrol-engine practice a few years earlier. Designs appeared in the United States, in Germany, in France and in Great Britain, and engines were built in all these countries. Some achieved a fair measure of success, others appeared to " hang fire." Of general adoption in aircraft there was still no sign. One American engine, the Packard, a radial air-cooled, was produced for a relatively low specific weight. Its outstanding practical achievement was, and is, that it established a world's duration record for continuous flight without refuelling. In Great Britain the first practical manifestation of the Diesel aero engine was the fitting of five water-cooled engines in the airship R. 101. The life of the air- ship itself was too short to afford any proof one way or the other of the merits of the Diesel type of engine in lighter-than-air aircraft. In Germany, the Junkers Company designed and produced a water-cooled Diesel aero engine with two banks of opposed cylinders, the combustion chamber in opposing cylinders being common to both, and the pistons moving in and out in opposition to each other. With this type of engine a considerable degree
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