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Aviation History
1934
1934 - 1253.PDF
NOVEMBER 22, 1934. FLIGHT. 1253 •SSSon. This year, certainly, it is notdisappointing. Examples are exhibited of the geared and supercharged "X"- and " Y" engines with extraordinarily low power/weight ratios obtainedthrough the use of light alloys and through the subtle detail design work ofM. Birkigt." Actually, the engines shown are the12 Xbrs giving 690 h.p. at 14,750ft., and the 12 Ydrs which is normally ratedat 860 h.p. at 13,120ft. They weigh but 814 Ib. and 1,001 lb. respective!y. One isimpressed by the number of European aircraft, both military and civil, fittedwith these excellent power plants. For sheer performance they possess numerousrecommendations. Radiator size, how- ever, appears to l>e something of a bug-bear despite the use of ethyl-glycol. The two Mureaux machines fitted with " X "and "Y" type engines both use nose- type radiators, and the new Dewoitinesingle-peater fighter with a " Y " engine, as well as various other Continentalmachines using this power plant, employ abdominal radiators in a variety ofshapes. Popular Vee Types Perhaps the most notable features ofthese Hispano types are their nitrided cylinders, crank cases of special lightsHov claimed to be practically incor- rodible, and Elektron superchargers.These engines can be supplied to accom- modate a canon which fires throughthe airscrew shaft, or with variable-pitch airscrew built by Hispano-Suiza underlicence from the Hamilton Company. High-powered liquid-cooled enginesare, of course, a speciality of the Lor- raine Co. Three examples are beingshown, these being the 700 h.p. "Pet- rel," the 1,000 h.p. "Orion," and thei,]oo "Eider." The former engine has _ adopted as a standard type by theFrench Government and by various air services, and can be supplied super-charged with or without reduction gear. Incidentally, the Japanese Governmenthas bought the licence for this engine. It is a twelve-cylinder 6o° V type witha bore and stroke of 145 mm. and a compression ratio of 6:1. The fully supercharged " fighter "-type" Petrel " gives 775 h.p. at 2,800 r.p.m. and neighs, without accessories, 1,015 lb.In the "Orion" type the cylinders are arranged in " W " form, the bore being125 mm. and stroke 180 mm. At its rated altitude of 4,920ft. the power is1,050 h.p. at 2,150 r.p.m. In the 1,100 h.p. "Eider" the cylinders arearranged in Vee form and have a bore and stroke of 170 mm. At 11,480ft. thepower is 1,050 h.p. at 2,400 r.p.m. This engine is being installed in several mili-tary prototype aircraft, and especially in " multiplace de combat" machines. Compared with the number of exhibitsbv the Renault Co., there are few of its v,mer-cooled products shown. One ofJhese, the 12 Drs geared 12-cylinder I'V " type, has a bore of 130 mm. and• stroke of 170 mm., and, although rated at 510 h.p., delivers a maximumpo«pr of 840 h.p. at 2,280 r.p.m. Viflen supercharged, this engine deliversits rated power at 14,150ft. Besides this engine there are two 500 h.p. water-cooled "V" types, one geared and the otht-r direct drive. One of the most interesting water-cooled types in the Show is the Far- A view from the supercharger end of the Rolls-Royce " Kestrel "VI of 600 h.p. man 600 ii.p. j2-cylinder inverted" W " type 12 W'irs geared and super- charged engine. Its 'bore and strokeare 135 mm. and 140 mm. respectively. The supercharger of this engine main-tains ground level power up to 22,960ft., and at ground level the maximum outputis 710 h.p. We understand that this engine has also been fitted with a two-speed supercharger, the first stage of which ensures delivery of rated powerup to 6,560ft., the second stage operat- ing up to 16,700ft. Of equal interest isthe Farman Crs 12-cylinder inverted 6o° " V " type geared and superchargedengine giving 400 h.p. at 19,680ft. This is similar to the Farman developed forthe 1933 Coupe Deutsch contest. A Record'Breaker Fiat and Isotta Fraschini types repre-sent Italian water-cooled engine con- struction. The Fiat A.33 is geared andsupercharged and designed for use in military aircraft. It gives 700 h.p. at2,600 r.p.m. at 11,480ft., and is a typi- cal Fiat water-cooled type. One Fiatproduct, however, is attracting more admirers than any engine in the show,and no wonder, for it is the great "two-in-one" racing type engine asfitted to the Macchi seaplane which holds the world's speed record. Variousrumours have been in circulation re- garding the power of this engine, butaccording to the manufacturers it gives 2,900 h.p. at 3,300 r.p.m. and weighs2,050 lb. As is by now generally known, this engine employs two groups ofcylinders each with its own crankshaft, but employing a common crank case.The crankshafts rotate in opposite directions, and are coupled by spur gearreduction units which drive two air- screw shafts. One of these shafts oper-ates within the other, which is made hollow for the purpose, and the two air-screws 'un close together in tandem re>_ volving in opposite directions, thus can-celling-out torque reaction. Isotta Fraschini are showing theAsso 200, Asso Chasse, Asso 750 RC, and Asso Xl RC engines. The AssoChasse is a " V " type 12-cylinder engine, and gives 480 h.p. at 2,550 r.p.ni.,but " \V " arrangement is used for the cylinders of the 750 RC which delivers,at maximum r.p.m., 950 h.p. at 13,120ft. In the Asso Xi RC "V" ar-rangement is employed for the twelve cylinders. This engine gives a maxi-mum of 850 h'.p. at,14,706ft,, and the same power is available for take-off.The weight is 1,212'1b. One large Russian wat^F-cooled engineis exhibited, this beinflMKe M.34 RN geared and supercharged type. It hasits twelve cylinders arranged in " V " form, and develops 750 h.p. at normalr.p.ni. at 13,760ft. and 850 at maxi- mum speed at the same altitude. Compression'lgnition Engines FEW new compression-ignition typesare exhibited, and it would .seem that, apart from Germany, these engineshave Diet with no vcrv great success on the Continent. Junkers type enginesare exhibited on the stands of Deutsches Reiclisverbaud, Compagnie Lilloise deMoteurs and Napier. 1 hese engines are of the "Jumo" 4 and 5 types. Napiersare showing the "Culverin," which is similar to the "Jumo" 4, and is ratedat 720 h.p. It is generally known by now that this engine is a two-stroke typewith two opposed pistons inyssach of its six vertical cylinders. Fuel is deliveredto each cylinder by way of four nozzles by two injection pumps operated bycamshafts running at engine speed. Without airscrew hub the engine weighsapproximately 1,785 ll>., which must be regarded as very creditable for a com-pression-ignition engine of this power. The Compagnie Lilloise builds a versionof the "Jumo" 5 equipped with a Rateau two-speed centrifugal blower,giving 480 h.p. at 13,120ft. The engine weighs rather over 1,100 lb. Junkers areshowing an example of the "Jumo" 5. It is understood that a "Jumo" engii>«_has been flown by Luft Hansa over a period of several months, and has main-tained a fuel consumption of between 160 and 170 grammes per h.p., a figureguaranteed by the manufacturers. Most novel of the diesels shown, how-ever, is the Salmson S.H.18, constructed under a Szydlowski licence. It is awater-cooled two-stroke radial, stated by the manufacturers to have nine cylin-ders, though actually it has eighteen, arranged in pairs in a fashion similar tothose of the Salmson 8Abs air-cooled radial. Nine pumps supply the fuel—ordinary heavy oil—each pump feeding two injectors. A high-speed centrifugal-type blowerrunning at 13,500 r.p.m. is fitted, and, complete with accessories, theengine weighs 1,255 lb. At 1,600 r.p.m. the normal power is 600 h.p.Another interesting dieseJ radial ex- hibited is the Clerget* shown on thestand of the French Air Ministry. This engine gives 500 h.p., and it is a four-teen-cyliuder double-row type known as the 14 F.25 It is said that the weightis in the region of 1,200 lb., an$J_* '*-•— amo-int /• development •• <£-.,
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