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Aviation History
1940
1940 - 0738.PDF
230 "MARCH 14, 1940. BOMBERS (CONTINUED) it will have been gathered from our reference to the Martin 167 that even in the " ground-attack " condition the gun-power is comparatively low. The modern tendency is to use bombs for low-flying attacks rather than machine guns. America's new formula for twin-engined "attack" bombers corresponds in fact to the European conception of a compact, high-performance, twin-engined bomber. In this connection the remarks of Brig. Gen. Jacob Fickel, Commanding General, First Wing, G.H.Q. Air Force, U.S. Army Air Corps, are of interest. He writes that the Ethiopian and Spanish wars increased the demand for air- craft suitable for close support of ground "forces by attacks on hostile rear areas. He refers to the technical difficul- ties in the development of the low-flying attack machine and states that these, coupled with the improvement in ground fire against that type, led to the development of the 'tack bombers, or, as he chooses to call them, " light bom- bardment airplanes." Brig. Gen. Fickel states that al- though the machines have a comparatively short range when carrying a full bomb load they can fly far enough to deliver heavy attacks from an altitude out of effective reach of small arms and machine guns on hostile reserves, ammunition and supply dumps, lines of communications, command posts, mechanised flanking forces, and advanced aerodromes. The highly specialised ground-attack machine has lost favour, though the Curtiss 76-D is available with eight fixed guns and a rear free gun. In the fuselage is stowage for twenty chemical or fragmentation bombs, while racks on each side of the centre section carry two ioolb. bombs. Like all ground-attack machines the 76-D is designed for The Handley Page Hampdenbomber (above) is extremely efficient, due in a large measureto the installation of Handley Page slots and flaps. The Here-ford (top left) is similar except for the engines, which are24 - cylinder Napier - Halford Daggers. A good example of a bomberadapted from a commercial machine is the Lockheed 14 (left). Designation of Aircraft GREAT BRITAIN A.W. Whitley Handley Page Hampden .. Vickers Wellington FRANCE Amiot 350 Amiot 351 Bloch 134 Liore 45 ... AMERICA Martin 166 Lockheed EB-14 GERMANY Heinkcl Hell IK (Mark V) Junkers Ju.86K (mod.) POLAND PZLLos [TALY Breda 82 Caproni Ca 135 ... Cnproni Ca 405 (Procellaria) rial Br 20 rtaggio P32 (Mark II) . HAT 1 ANTk FokkerT5... Span It. in. 84 0 69 2 86 0 74 10 74 10 72 9 73 9i 70 2 65 6 74 3 73 9 56 0 68 II61 8 59 070 6 59 0 6£ 10 Wing Area sq. ft. 1137 668 839.5 721.6 721.6 678 731.6 682 551 943 882.3 571 645.6 7% 635 710.5 Wing Load, ing Ib./sq.ft. 22.7 28.1 29.6 26.8 26.8 31.8 32.1 23.3 33.6 26.5 20.5 32.8 25.21 27.9 32.1 21.84 TWIN-ENGINED Gross Weight lb. 25.900 18,756 24,850 19,400 19,400 21,604 23,479 15,894 18.500 25,000 18,100 18.739 16,225 24,200 22,220 20,350 15,983 Disposabl e Loa d 1b. 8.380 6.976 9,435 5,302 5.850 - - 6,325 7,920 6,710 5,732 Engine Type Rolls-Royce Merlin Bristol Pegasus XVI11 .. Bristol Pegasus XVI11 ... Hispano-Suiza I2Y29 .. Gnome-Rhone I4N Hispano-Suiza l4Aa Hispano-Suiza 14Aa P. and W. Twin Wasp . Wright Cyclone ... Junkers Jumo 211 ... B.M.W. 132 Gnome-Rhone 14N Fiat A.80.Rc.4l ... Isotta-Frascliini XI.Rc.40. lsotta-Fraschini X l.Rc.40. Fiat A.80Rc.4l Piaggio P.XI.Rc.40 Bristol Pegasus XXVI . BOMBERS $ L A A L A A A A A L A A A L L A A A Rated Power h.p. 1,980 1,500 1,500 1.820 1,740 2,240 2,240 1,800 1,500 1.880 1,600 1,740 2,000 1,800 1,800 2,000 2.000 1,660 Max. At- Speed tained &t m.p.h. ft. 245 16,250 265 15,500 265 17.000 310 16,400 310 16,400 273 13120 310 16,400 268 6.500 284 15.000 270 12,300 233 8,500 304 I6.7C0 264 - 273 14.760 261 14.760 268 16,400 264 16,400 759 Climb To In It. min. 15,000 16 15 000 18.9 15.000 18 13,120 8 13.120 7 13.120 10 - 13.000 17 _ 13,120 11.5 13.100 14 13,120 15 16.400 14.2 Service Ceiling it. 25.000 22,700 26,300 30,000 30,000 26,240 26,500 24,800 25 000 24,000 23,300 22,900 30,000 22,960 23,000 29,500 26,010 25.COO ..... _ ,-^-" TypicalArmament 5 remi, 4 remg 5 remg 3 remg 3 remg 3 remg 1 sg 2 remg 3 remg 3 remg 3 remg 3 remg 3 remg 3 remg 3 remg 3 remg 3 1bmg 3 remg 5 remg i o Vi be IS IS IS IP •IP OP IS AO AO IPOP OP PA IS PA IS IS IS
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