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Aviation History
1940
1940 - 0755.PDF
MARCH 14, 1940 single-row radial with a frontal area of 16.5 sq. ft. (We hasten to explain that this comparison is purely illustra- tive. The single-row Cyclone is virtually out of date for high-speed fighters, having been superseded in the U.S. Navy by two-row radials of greater power and smaller diameter.) A point not to be overlooked in the design of the Brewster, nor, for that, matter, in the Grumman F4F-3, is that the large cross-section permits the retrac- tion of the wheels into the fuselage. The fighter is at a disadvantage in comparison with the racer in that the design of the cockpit enclosure is in- fluenced by military requirements. The windscreen, for example, may have a flat panel of optically perfect glass to permit the use of a reflector sight and may be further marred aerodynamically by "armouring." In many designs rearward view is practically nil, but in others, notably the Bell Airacobra, a finely streamlined enclosure —virtually a complete transparent fairing for the pilot's head—has been incorporated. The Curtiss fighters also display an interesting form of enclosure in which the rear armoured bulkhead has cut-outs associated with a trans- parent fairing behind each of the pilot's shoulders. The installation of complete rear armour will, of course, affect rearward vision and enclosure design. Protection in a crash—by a strengthened bulkhead or "crash pylon"—and ease of exit in an emergency, must SINGLE-SEATER FIGHTERS Single-Engined Monoplanes Designation of Aircraft GREAT BRITAIN Gloster F.5/34 Hawker Hurricane I Supermarine Spitfire I ... FRANCE Bloch 151 C.A.O.200 CaudrnnC.714 Dewoitine D.52O Morane-Saulnier M.S.406 AMERICA Curtiss P-36A (Hawk 75A) Curtiss Wright C.W.21 ... North American NA-50 ... Republic P-35(E.P.I) ... VoughtV.143 Bell P-39 (Airacobra) ... Vultee Vanguard 48C ... GERMANY HeinkelHe.112 HeinkelHe.112 Messerschmitt Me. 109 ... BOHEMIA-MORAVIA Avia35 ITALY RatG.50 Macchi C200 Ro.5l HOLLAND FokkwD.2l Koolhoven Fk.55 Koolhoven Fk.58 ... BELGIUM RenardR.37 RenardR.38 RUMANIA I.A.R.80 YUGOSLAVIA Ikarus IK.2 Rogojarsky IK.3 Span ft. in. 38 2 40 0 36 10 34 7 31 2 29 6 33 5 35 0 37 3 35 0 37 0 36 0 33 6 34 0 36 0 30 2 30 2 32 6 35 6 35 2 34 8 32 2 36 0 31 6 36 0 38 2 38 2 32 10 37 4 33 9 Wing Area sq. ft. 230 257.5 242 186.4 143 135 150.7 194 236 174.3 230 225 187 212 196.7 183 183 176.5 183 197 180.7 174 172 186 215 215 167 194 Wine Load- ing lb./ sq.ft. 23.4 24.7 24.4 31.5 28.7 32.20 25.59 24.1 23.48 23.2 25.5 23.4 28.3 30.6 27.1 27.1 31.4 26.5 26.8 26.7 25.9 29.2 29.59 25.31 26.65 30.17 22.06 Gross Weigbl Ib. 5,400 6,360 5.900 5,845 3,850 4 850 4,960 5.692 4.092 5.352 5,731 4.370 6.000 6,029 4960 4,9bO 5.525 4.850 5,290 4,840 4,510 5,027 5.511 5.412 5.720 5,040 4,280 5.280 Disposabl e Loa d lb. 1,625 1.468 770 1.021 1,042 1,230 1,320 964 1,372 1,380 772 1.340 1.124 1,763 946 948 1,265 1343 1.430 1,430 1,110 1.098 Engine Type Bristol Mercury IX Rolls-Royce Merlin HI ... Rolls-Royce Merlin Gnome-Rhone 14N Hispano-Suiza 12Y.31 Renault 12 Roi Hispano-Suiza 12Y.29 ... Hispano-Suiza 12 Ygrs ... P. and W. Twin Wasp ... Wright Cyclone G5 Wright Cyclone G2O3 ... P. and W. Twin Wasp P. and W. Twin Wasp Junior. Allison V-1760 P. and W. Twin Wasp ... Junkers Jumo 210G Daimler-Benz DB 601A ... Daimler-Benz DB 60IA ... Avia Hs Y Fiat A.74Rc.38 Fiat A.74Rc.38 Fiat A.74Rc.38 Bristol Perseus X Lorraine Sterna Bristol Taurus Gnome-Rhone I4N-2I ... Rolls-Royce Merlin I.A.R. K14 Hispano-Suiza 12 Ycrs ... Hispano-Suiza 12Y-29 ... Coolin g 1 AL L A L A L L A A A A A L A L L L L A A A A L A AL A LL Rated Power h.P. 825 990 990 870 860 450 910 860 900 850 850 900 750 1,100 1,200 600 1,000 1,000 I.0C0 850 850 850 880 1000 900 1,050 990 940 860 910 Max At- Speed tained At rri.p.h. ft. 315 16.000 335 17,500 367 18.400 304.3 16,400 335 19,680 302.4 13,120 341 13,120 310 14 700 310 - 304 — 295 9.500 315 - 300 11,000 358 15.600 317 15,420 354 12,300 354 12300 348 — 299 14,760 313 15,745 304 16400 295 348 11,810 320 16,100 327 16,400 338 19.680 317 13,120 268 16,730 327 17.880 Climb To In ft. min. 20.000 II 19,680 9.0 16.400 6 19,650 7.9 13 120 6.75 13.120 3.9 16,400 6.5 17,000 6 10,000 3 - - 19,700 9.5 19,700 7.5 — — 16,400 52 19,680 6.5 19.680 7 22,960 10.1 26,240 12.8 22,970 9.2 16,400 5.25 16.400 53 16.400 t> 16.400 5.3 16.400 7 Service Ceiling tt. 32.500 32,000 32,000 29,850 36.000 35.000 32,000 31,500 30.600 34.300 31,000 31,000 33,000 — 32,500 32,000 33,130 33.130 32,800 — 34,500 - Typical Armament 8 remg 8 remg 8 remg 2 sg 2 remg 1 sg 2 rang 4 remg 1 sg 2 remg 1 sg 2 remg 6 remg 1 Ibmg 1 remg 4 remg 1 Ibmg 1 rang 2 remg 1 sg 4 renx- 2 sg 2 rang 2 sg 2 remg 1 sg 2 rang 1 sg 4 rang 2 Ibmg 21bmg 2lbmB 6 remg 1 sg 4 remg 4 remg 4 Ibmg 4ibnw 4 rang 1 sg 2 rang 1 sg 2 remg Progres s PO IS IS IS PO IS IS IS IS AO IS IS AO IP IP OP IP IS PO IS IS IS IS PA IP NP NP NP OP IP Twin-Engined Monoplanes HOLLAND Fokker D.23 AMERICA Lockheed 322-61 GREAT BRITAIN Gloster Gladiator FDB-1 CANADA.. ... AMERICA Grumman F3F-2 • •• ITALY FiatCR.42 BELGIUM Fairey Feroce 40 0 49 2 32 3 28 0 32 0 31 10 3t 6 226 - 323 194 260 - - 33.6 - 14.7 21.8 17.5 - - 7.606 - 4.750 4,232 4.553 - 4,120 1.749 - Isotta-Fraachini Delta RC 351S. Allison V-1760 A L 1400 2.000 Single-Engined Biplanes - - 1.338 - - Bristol Mercury IX P. and V?. Twin Wasp Jr. Wright Cyclone Fiat A.74R. IC38 Hispano-Suiza 12 Ycrs A A A A L 825 750 750 840 860 342 - 404 250 15,500 300 7.500 270 - 272 12.465 270 13,100 16,400 6.8 - 15,000 5.8 - - — - 19.680 8.6 13,120 5.6 31,170 28,000 32.800 32.800 32.000 32.800 35,000 2 Ibmg 2 remg - 4 rang 1 lbmg 1 remg 2 remg 2 rang 1 sg 4 remg NP IP IS NP AO IS OP A—air cooled: AO—available to order IP—in production ; L—liquid cooled; lbm«—iarge-bore machine gun; NP—new prototype: OP—out of production: PO—prototype oniy P and W—Pratt and Whitney; remff—rifle-calibre machine gun; sg—»heJl-gun.
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