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Aviation History
1940
1940 - 0786.PDF
238 MARCH 14, 1940 ing compartment, lavatory, officers' wardroom, galley and quarters for tfie crew. The wardroom and crew's quarters have bunks and folding tables. The upper deck is reached either by a stairway adjoining the lavatory or by a ladder. SHORE-BASED MARINE AIRCRAFT (Continued) On the left, from top to bottom, are the Arado Ar 95 (Ger-many); Lattcoere 298 (France); Heinkel He 115 (Germany); and Fokker T.8-W (Holland). Apart from the usual marine equipment (anchor, drogues, bollards, etc.), there is a fitter's work-bench with vice; flares, with launching chute ; and provision for a camera. Other items of Service equipment include marine distress signals, smoke puffs, microphone and telephone system, two collapsible dinghies and awnings for use while at moorings in hot climates. The galley has a cooker, fresh- water tanks, paraffin tank, draining rack and an ice chest. Apart from a heavy bomb load, accommodated in the hull, there are two-Nash and Thompson power-driven gun turrets (bow and stfern) and two midships gun mountings. Great Britain and Japan are believed to be the only countries having four-engined military flying boats in ser- vice in appreciable quantities. There is a greater variety of twin-engined types, one of the most modern being the Saunders-Roe Lerwick, which embodies several unorthodox design features. The wing- loading is obviously very high, and the machine is fitted with three power-driven gun turrets. An even higher wing-loading may have been adopted for the new Consolidated 31, which has two Wright Duplex Cyclone engines rated at 2,000 h.p. each for take-off. Flying boats do not normally operate at very great altitudes, and are accordingly fitted with medium-super- charged engines. When attacked by fighters they descend almost to sea level, thus preventing the fighters attacking from below or diving steeply from above. Never- theless, in certain designs a gun position is let into the bottom of the hull. Some of the newer designs have provision for mounting 20 mm. shell-guns for employment not only against attack- ing enemy aircraft but for firing on surface vessels. It is in long-range marine aircraft that the diesel engine may be used to best advantage due to its economical cruising consumption over long distances. Three types of German flying boat have Junkers Jumo diesels. Most countries have experimented with large multi- engined military floatplanes, and France, Italy and Ger- many use them to a considerable extent. These machines can be equipped as torpedo-carriers, the projectile being stowed internally. A disadvantage, however, is that due to their t>ulk they present an excellent target to anti- aircraft "gunners while the pilot is aiming. For general over-water duties the Royal Air Force has large numbers of landplanes (Anson and Hudson), which, apart from the duties for which they were originally adopted, have shown themselves capable of bringing down large enemy aircraft which they may chance to meet. MARINE AIRCRAFT Designation of Aircraft Span Wing Area Wing Gross Load-1 Weight I ing Engine Type Rated Power Max. At- Speed tained Climb To In Service Ceiling Typical Armament ft. in. GREAT BRITAIN Short Sunderland AMERICA Consolidated PBY GERMANY Blohm and Voss Bv.138 BIohmandVossHa.140 Heinkel He.l 15 ... ITALY CantZ.501 CantZ.5O6B FRANCE Latecoere298 ITALY CaproniCa.312 l.S. HOLLAND Fokker T.8-W ... 112 9i 104 0 88 7 68 10 72 10 73 8 66 8 sq. ft. 1,487 1,399.4 1.205 941.5 941.5 667.3 940.3 lb./ sq.ft. 20.0 19.35 21.73 19.88 21.25 19.65 28.6 1b. 44.600 27,080 26.180 18,700 20,020 13,117 26,895 lb. 17,410 12,542 8,360 4,840 8,350 4,629 8,818 Bristol Pegasus XXII ... Wright Cyclone G103A ... Junkers Jumo 205C B.M.W. 132Dc B.M.W. 132N Isotta-Fraschini Asso XI R C15. Alfa 126 R.C.34 h.p. 3.400 1,720 1,530 1.600 1,700 900 2,400 m.p.h. ft. 210 6,250 206 14,300 171 198 220 170 229 11,150 8,200 13,100 Torpedo-carrying Aircraft 49 5 53 2 65 7 334 416.5 559.7 28.5 30.1 24.6 9,546 12,566 14,550 3.657 3.747 4,574 Hispano-Suiza 12 Ycrs PiaggioP.XVI ... Bristol Mercury XI 860 1,260 1,780 186 6,500 236 13,100 222 — ft. min. M M 15,000 12.9 13.120 48 16,400 39 13,100 13 13,100 20 13,100 14 13,100 16 13,100 11.5 ft. 16,000 29,700 21,300 26,000 19.680 16.400 22,300 7 rcm8 4 rcm3 4 rcmg 3 rcmg 3rcm» 4Ibmg 31bmg 2 rcmg 3 rcmg 5 rcmg A—air cooled; AO—available to order; IP—in production; P and W- L—liquid cooled; Ibmg—large-bore machine gun; NP—-new prototype •Pratt and Whitney; rcmg—rifle-calibre machine gun; sg—shell-gun. OP—out of production; PO—prototype only;
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