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Aviation History
1941
1941 - 0346.PDF
120 FEBRUARY 6TH, 1941. TWO AMERICAN TRAINERS (Continued) tailplane, 10.7; elevator, 11.9; rudder, 6.7; and fin, 9.2 sq. it. The performance figures, which are corrected to standard atmospheric conditions and guaranteed by the maker to within 3 per cent., are as follows: — Maximum speed .. .. .. .. .. 118 m.p.h.Cruising speed at 75 per cent, power . . . . 108 m.p.h. Landing speed . . . . . 50 m.p.h.Cruising range . . . . . . .. .. 365 miles. Endurance at 75 per cent, power . . . . 3$ hrs. Climb in first minute after take-off . . . . 800ft. 94 mm.650ft. 13,500ft. Climb to 5,000ft. . . . . . .Take-off run . .* . . . . Service ceiling . . .. . . As in the Ryan, the tail wheel is steerable and a trim- ming tab is provided on the elevator. This aeroplane is the product of a firm which has had considerable experi- ence in the design of low-wing monoplanes and Mister Mulligan is a name which has not been forgotten as a racer of recent years in U.S.A. Both aeroplanes, as modern interpretations of the low-wing formula, should make good trainers. MODERN TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENTS Rotating the Landing Wheels : Upper Air Conditions : Recovery from Spinning (Abstracts prepared by and made available by courtesy of R.T.P. of the Ministry of Aircraft Production) '"THE use of runways of concrete or with surface aggre- -* gates such as asphaltic concrete or macadam has resulted in a considerable reduction in the life of aircraft tyres. Higher landing speeds, heavy tyre loads and lower tyre pressures further contribute to the decrease in life. The additional tyre wear on hard, abrasive surfaces results mainly from the following factors: acceleration upon land- ing, deformation of the tyres in close taxi-ing turns, slip due to the use of brakes, and lateral tread scrubbing due to misalignment and lateral motion. The inertia of the wheels, which at the moment of ground contact are stationary and which are brought up to the rotating speed corresponding to the taxi-ing speed solely by ground fric- tion, can add greatly to tyre wear in large aircraft. This type of wear is claimed to have been eliminated by a device for which Vickers-Armstrongs, Ltd., have been granted British Patent No. 516,738. The plan is to spin the wheels by means of wind cups on the wheels them- selves or on the tyres. Tyre Wear on Runways (Inter Avia, No. 731, 12.10.40, p. 11). # * * AN improved type of radio sonde was taken into opera- ** tion by the meteorological service of the Italian' Air Force in the latter part of 1940. The new sondes report by radio the temperature, static pressure and humidity met with in the upper atmosphere. Known as the "Italia," this type is used by the '' Centrale Assistenza Volo dell' Aeroporto Littorio-Roma," and weigh, including the trans- mitter, batteries, aerial, 1.44 lb. The average rate of climb is 11ft./sec, and the ceiling is about 98,000ft. The temperature-measuring range extends over as much as 70 deg. C. All values measured are transmitted auto- matically to the ground station every 30 seconds and the range of the transmitter varies from 62 to 125 miles. Upon reception of each signal the ground station checks the posi- tion of the sounding balloon, so enabling a determination of wind speed and direction at altitude to be made. Improved Type of Radio Sonde (Inter Avia, No. 728, 19.9.40, p. 4). AS part of a general investigation by the N.A.C.A. of ** factors that affect the spin, the use of the aileron as an aid to recovery from the spin has been studied. Tests of io'different models, covering a wide range of mass dis- tribution, were made in the N.A.C.A. free-spinning tunnel to determine the effects of a large downward deflection of the outboard aileron and of normal angular deflections of the ailerons upon recovery characteristics. The results indicate that the direction of aileron setting, with or against the spin, which will aid recovery from the spin, depends upon the aeroplane weight distribution. For monoplanes and for biplanes with lower-wing ailerons, ailerons with the spin will be favourable when the weight is distributed chiefly along the fuselage (single-engine aero- planes) and ailerons against • the spin will be favourable when the weight is distributed chiefly along the wings (multi-engine aeroplanes). Downward movement of the outboard aileron through a large angle will not always be effective in aiding recovery, the effectiveness of such a movement also being dependent upon the weight distrF bution of the aeroplane. The Aileron as an Aid to Recovery from the Spin (A. I. Neihouse, N.A.C.A. Tech. Note, No. 776, Sept. 1940). GOOD RESPONSE TO A.T.C. SCHEME TV/TORE than 4.000 offers ot help in the organising andJ-'J- operating of the newly inaugurated Air Training Corps for boys between the ages of 16 and 18 years of age, have beenreceived at the Air Ministry by Air Commodore J. A. Chamier who, at a recent meeting, stressed the fact that such volun-teers should get into touch with their local authority direct. "The response to the whole scheme has been startling," hesaid. " We first of all sent out 500 circular letteis to the mayors and chairmen of councils of places with more than20,000 population which had no cadet corps and received immediate replies from 75 per cent, of them. More letterswere then sent to places of similar size where cadet corps already existed. Altogether 99 per cent, of the replies werefavourable; 61 per cent, reported the formation of committees, 21 per cent, said they were furthering present squadrons and17 per cent, expressed their willingness to help and promised to get committees going at once. The remaining one per cent,were a little diffident about their ability to take active part but, on the other hand, we received enquiries from smallerplaces, where no cadet corps previously existed, asking for information. In spite of this startling response," said AirCommodore Chamjer, "we haye. managed to keep pace, with it and every letter has been answered within 24 hours." The flood of offers to help, however—they come fiom ex-officers and others willing to undertake local organisation and training—has somewhat overwhelmed the Air Commodore'savailable stafi and it is pointed out that as service in the A.T.C. is local, voluntary and part-time, civic authoritieshave agreed to take over the responsibility of local squadrons in their own areas, and such offers of help, therefore, shouldbe made direct to them. Already 230 squadrons have sent in their registration. Of these, 200 were originally Air DefenceCadet Corps. In addition, at least 20 new squadrons are known to be in process of formation in Greater London alone;Coventry, Bristol and Southampton have squadrons in spite of the blitz and evacuation, while even such places as Southend,Eastbourne, Hastings and other coastal towns which are seriously depopulated have said they think they can find theboys to form squadrons. Mr. J. F. Wolfenden, Director of Pie-entry Training, saidthat Air Ministry officers had visited every university not 011 the original list and all had signified their willingness to par-ticipate. So far, 187 universities and schools had made definite applications, and nearly 700 suggestions for the motto andCEest had been received. Small school.unite would have to be merged into larger units for administration.
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