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Aviation History
1942
1942 - 1392.PDF
FLIGHT Fourth of the New Recognition Series . AIRCRAFT TYPES AND Heinkel He IIIK and Ju 88 Bombers IN accordance with Germany's traditional cunning, there appeared towards the end of 1935 a fast and nicely streamlined 12-seater airliner in the shape of the Heinkel 111, This new "commercial" aircraft was powered by two 660 h.p. B.M.W. VI engines and had a top speed of 212 m.p.h. In January of the follow ing year it went into service on the Deutsche Luft Hansa routes. But that the type had been designed with more than half an eye on its military potentialities became clear very soon afterwards when a Mark II version, equipped with two Daimler-Benz 600 engines, having a maximum speed of 233 m.p.h., suddenly went into pro duction for the Luftwaffe. The Mark IIA, with DB 600 G power units, saw service in Spain, and this had a top speed of 252 m.p.h. Then came the Mark III with Jumo 211 engines and a further slight improvement in performance, and in 1937, when the DB 601 engine became available, there appeared the Mark IV with a top speed of 261 m.p.h. at 12,300ft. This was the last of the long-nosed Heinkels, and in 1938 pro duction began on the Heinkel 111K, Mark V, with a shortened nose in which the pilot's cockpit was sunk, the latest edition of which has the nose gun-mounting slightly offset to the right. The current Mark V type is powered by two Daimler- Benz DB 601A engines, each giving a maximum output of 1,150 h.p at 2,400 r.p.m. There is also the Mark VA with Junkers Jumo engines with a slightly increased in dividual maximum power output of 1,200 h.p. The former version has a top speed of 274 m.p.h. at 12,300ft., and cruises at 230 m.p.h. at 13,120ft. Its service ceiling is 24,100ft., and its normal cruising duration is 9.5 hr., which gives a range of 2,140 miles on a tankage of 880• gallons of fuel. With an overload of 1,100 gallons, how ever, the duration and range at cruising speed are increased to 12 hr. and 2,640 miles respectively. The fuselage of the Heinkel He 111K, Mark V, is an all- metal structure of oval section. It has Z-section frames and top-hat section stringers. The wings are of all-metal two-spar construction, and the tail unit is also a metal structure. Flush-riveted, stressed-skin covering is used throughout except for' ailerons, elevators and rudder, which are fabric-covered. Camber-changing flaps are fitted. The defensive armament of the He 111K is anything but heavy, and as it was the chief type used for raids on this country, it has suffered considerable losses under the guns of the R.A.F. Fighter Command. It mounts six machine guns, all manually operated. There is one flexibly mounted gun in the offset nose blister, one above the fuselage in a shielded position, two in a faired emplace ment below the fuselage, one of which fires forward and the other aft, and port and starboard guns on flexible \ mountings firing through side windows. All machine guns are of 7.7 mm., but the substitution of cannon in some instances is an obvious possibility.
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