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Aviation History
1943
1943 - 1846.PDF
88 FLIGHT JULY 22ND, 1943 GERMANY'S NAVAL AIRCRAFT length of 72ft. 2in., height of 17ft. loin., and a wing area of 1,162 sq. ft. With a loaded weight of 29,700 lb., it develops a maximum speed of 211 m.p.h., and has a ceiling of 18,700ft. and a range of 2,173 miles. The machine was originally designed for transport and for export. In the initial stages of this war the Do 24 was exten- sively used in operations against Norway and this country, against Holland and in the Mediterranean. Flying Boats Perhaps the best known of German flying bomt designs is the Do 26, which is capable of making the journey from Lisbon to New York with a substantial payload and without alighting. The Do 26 is a high-wing cantilever long-range flying boat powered with four Junkers Jumo 205 liquid- cooled diesel engines of 600 h.p. each. It was clearly the intention of the designers to combine in this type the qualities of a seagoing craft with the performance of a landplane, and a close approach to such "balanced" qualities has been achieved. The engines are mounted close together in tandem nacelles. While the installation of the tractor airscrews of the front engine is orthodox, the rear engines drive pusher airscrews through extension shafts, as on the Do 18, but feature a special tilting arrangement which is the subject of a Doniier patent. The entire rear power plant group can be pivoted 10 deg. upwards, representing a raising of the airscrew hub of about 15.7 in. (40 cm.). The axis of the tilting is exactly below the rear spar. In taking off in a rough sea the rear engines are tilted upwards to keep the airscrews clear of the water spray. In flight then- axis is restored to a position parallel with that of the front engines, which permits the maintenance of a streamlined shape of the engine nacelles. The radiators are installed in the wings on the sides of each of the nacelles, and fuel tanks are mounted in the interior of the hull. Front armament is provided in the bows by an electrically operated gun turret mounting a 23 mm. cannon. There are two blisters on the hull. Apart from the engine installation mentioned above, a The diagram shows the characteristic features of differenttypes of German naval aircraft. Solid white columns indicate total power output, lined columns show ranges. FOR ARMED RECONNAISSANCE : The B.V. 138 carriessix bombs in wing racks outboard of the engine nacelles. departure from the usual Dornier practice is the replacing of sponsons by stabilising wing floats retracting inboard flush with the under surface of the wings. The Do 26 has an empty weight of 22,450 lb., a loaded weight (catapult launch) of 44,090 lb., giving a wing loading of 34.2 lb/sq. ft. and power loading of 18.4 lb./h.p. Maximum speed is 208 m.p.h., but the most striking performance feature claimed is the range of 5,600 miles, the highest yet attained by German seagoing aircraft. During the past few years the Blohm and Voss Company has gradually come into prominence as builders of sea- planes and flying boats for the Luftwaffe. In fact, the Dornier Company has somewhat retired from this field, and the designs of Blohm and Voss have gained predominance in the operational equipment of Germany. In 1936 the B. and V. company produced the prototype of the BV139, a four-engined, low-wing, cantilever, twki- float seaplane, originally designed for transatlantic service. Two machines of this type completed fourteen flights from the Azores to New York in the course of the summer and autumn of 1937. With the outbreak of war the, BV 139 was modified for military work, and has since been in ser- vice with the Luftwaffe for transport, reconnaissance and minelaying duties, mainly in the Baltic area. The monocoque fuselage is constructed of the usual trans- verse frames and longitudinal stringers, with flush-riveted smooth skin covering. The long slim fuselage has in the rear a short stub fin integrally built in, upon which the tailplane is mounted, braced to the fuselage by parallel steel tube struts. Bulkheads are built up of open channel sections, while the main frames are of box section. The wing centre section, of "inverted gull " type, slopes down at negative dihedral to the inboard engine nacelles. Wing structure and attachment to fuselage is in the typical Vogt manner, as described later under the BV 138. The tail unit is of monoplane type with twin fins and rudders. The tailplane is of two-spar construction with channel-section ribs and flush-riveted smooth sheet covering. It is mounted on a short stub fin. The tailplane is adjustable on the ground, and trimming in the air is by tabs on the elevator. The latter has a U-shaped spar, metal-covered nose and fabric covering aft of spar. The structure of the floats is based on a central fore-and- aft partition extending almost throughout the length, except the front and rear sections. There are seven water- tight bulkheads. For inspection and maintenance purposes access is provided through front and rear compartments, and from there, by removing manhole covers in the bulk- heads, to each of the compartments. The BV 139 is powered with four Tinkers Jumo 205
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