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Aviation History
1945
1945 - 1808.PDF
Ft IGH7 SEPTEMBER 13111, 1945 f „. K ;- J* 1 Prototype Arado 234c bomber, powered by four BMW 003 jet units. Germ, More Details of Existing and Projected Turbine-jet Units and Aircraft FKOM material released by the Air Ministry comes evidencethat, whilst the Germans were quick to appreciateadvantages offered by jet propulsion, their efforts lackedco-ordination and a sound directive from high level. Manufac- turers and designers appeared to be engaged in fratitic com-petition to find an individual solution to the problem of Allied air superiority. With aircraft, engine and jet units this lackof method sharply contrasts with the British policy of concen- tration and development of proved types to extract the utmostpower and operational efficiency. A six-figure, code system was introduced to designate in-dividual designs. The first group of three numerals, 109, gave a general class indication as a turbine-jet or rocket, whilst thesecond group specified the particular unit. This was continued until the eleventh unit had received its serial number, whenthe need to indicate the manufacturer was realised and a numeral was allocated to each firm (" i " to Hoinkel-Hirth,"2" to Junkers, "8" to BMW), which was used as the terminal figure of the second group. The first jet aircraft to fly in Germany, and probably thefirst in the world, was the Heinkel 178, a shoulder-wing mono- plane with an experimental Heinkel S3 turbo-jet unit installed in the fuselage. This historic flight was made on August 27th,1930, four days before the Germans broke"into Poland. Curi- ously, the first test flight of the Italian Caproni-Campini jetaircraft was on August 27th, 1940. The unit had a designed thrust of 1,000 lb. and comprised an axial flow hiducer, a radialoutflow compressor, an annular, reverse flow combustion chamber and a radial inflow turbine. Constructed purely forexperiment and test, the aircraft provided useful data for subsequent productions. By 1944 Heinkel had produced three experimental jet unitsand six projected designs. The S8 unit, coded as 109-001, resembled the S3 except for a straight through instead of areverse flow combustion chamber and developed a thrust of 1,500 lb. Specially designed to accommodate two of theseunits was the Me 280, a single-seater, low-wing monoplane with twin fins and rudders, first flown in 1941. In operation it wasslower and less efficient than the contemporary Me 2G2 and was eventually abandoned. Heinkel also had a projected four-jet monoplane, the He 343, but this never materialised. . The later Heinkel jet unit, designated 109-011, was producedin collaboration with the firm of Hirth Motoren. Although it was never operational, it had been brought to an advanced Port-side view and longitudinal section of Junkers 004 unit. > h n?Sc cowiinR. 2, oil tank. 3, tntry casing. 4, auxiliary gfat box. 5, compressor rasing. 6, servo motor. 7, ignition apparatus. 8, control lc»cr. 9, outer casting. 10, attachment points. 11, bullet control shaft. 12, exhaust casing. 13, annular iuel tank. 14, Riedel starter. 15, injection pump. 16, auxiliary drive.l 7i oif pump. 18, oil filter. 19, front compressor bearing. 20, speed regulator. 21, co/npressor rotor. 32, fuel filter. 33, rear compressor bearing. 24, flame tube. 25, combustion-chamber muffle. 26, diffusing grill. 27, combustion chamber. 28, injection nozzle. 29, turbine entry casing. 30, turbine stator blades. 3'. turbine. 32, forward turbine bearing, 33, rear turbine bearing with oil scavenge pump. 34, bullet-operating gears. 35, movable bullet. 36 .bullet support. i-..v! '•'• --•»•:,'- ••-•;?'•• ~4S
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