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Aviation History
1945
1945 - 1865.PDF
SEPTEMBER 20TH, 1945 GERMANY'S WAR AIRCRAFT speed 477 m.p.h. at 21,000ft., econo- mic cruising range 1,280 miles, service ceiling at mean weight 37,400ft. Focke-Wulf Of the Focke-Wulf range of aircraft the famous Fw 190 types subsequent to the "long nose" version were re- designated by Kurt Tank, the chief designer, as the Ta 152. Of these there were five sub-types of which the most interesting are the 152c which, using MW 50 (methanol) boost, attains a maximum speed of 467 m.p.h. at 35,000ft. The 152H is a high altitude version with a wing span of 48ft. 6in. and, by carrying 18.6 gallons of GM 1 (nitrous oxide) as well as 15.4 gallons of MW50, a maximum speed of 465 m.p.h. using MW50 injection is pos- sivle at 30,000ft., and a speed of 472 m.p.h. is attained at 41,000ft. using GMi. Following on this range of aircraft the next Tank design was the Ta 154A short-range night fighter and bad weather fighter. Principally of wood construction this machine has a one- piece shoulder wing and a tricycle undercarriage. Fitted with two Jumo 21 IR engines, maximum speed is 394 m.p.h. at 26,300ft. Next comes the Ta 183 single-jet machine which was Tank's latest single-seat; fighter project. At the end of hostilities it was in the advanced development stage. Of composite wood and metal construction and de- signed for the He SO 11 power unit, an endurance of up to three hours and a maximum speed of 590 m.p.h. were expected. As distinct from single-seat fighters and carrying on their interest in very large aircraft emphasised by the Condor, Focke-Wulf had in hand a development of a new type si: engined aircraft, the Ta 400. Wi DORNIER 335A : Engined front and rear, wiui a. ciucnorm tan ana tricycleundercarriage, this machine was patented as a design in 1937. It is capable of an emergency speed of 477 m.p.h. at 21,000ft. and a maximum continuous cruise speed of 428 m.p.h. at 23,300ft. span was 137.8ft. and maximum bomb load 22,000 lb. One version was to have had* two Jumo 004 turbo-jet units, arranged one in each of two nacelles behind the normal engines. WTith this assistance the aircraft was calculated to have a maximum speed of 450 m.p.h. Heinkel The Heinkel concern, after produc- ing the He 111, produced the "Siamese twin" Helllz, the intended function of which was a' glider tug, although consideration was given to using it as a bomber. They were also develop- ing, early on, a high-speed monoplane with a Daimler-Benz double engine in the fuselage with shaft drive to a tractor airscrew. A two-seater, this aircraft was of very clean design. An- other interesting Heinkel machine was the He 162A " Salamander," popularly called " Volksjaeger," or- People's Fighter, a one-piece machine whichj*Ffas very clea ^ tur nts were the sheulder-wing onstruction dynamic- s-jet uhjft power the or ally the um 1W 003E el-Hirth o , ounted cen the jet is abov e fins. Maxi o 004 W OOJIi-2 bove thi f tail JUNKERS 86P : The original high-altitude reconnaissance type with 105ft. spanand two flaps and a divided aileron per wing. Jumo 207 or 208 turbo-supercharged diesel engines give an absolute ceiling of 49,000ft. for which the aircraft has a pressure cabin. speed was 485 m.p.h. at 36,000ft. It is rather curious that the He 162,., a which was the standard service version \ at the German collapse, should have $^ an earlier designation number than the He 178 which was actually the first jet- propelled aircraft to fly (August 27th, 1939). The latest aircraft with which Hein- kel were concerned as an actual machine was the He 280 single-seater low-wing monoplane with twin fins *a.nd rudders and tricycle undercar- riage. The development of this design was parallel to that of the Me 262, but the machine was slower and generally less efficient than the Messerschmitt product and was eventually aban- doned. Power plants of the most re- cent versions were two BMW003A turbo-jet units situated under the wing. Henschel Most interesting of the Henschtl machines is the Hs 132 experimental single-jet dive-bomber and ground attack aircraft. Wings are of wood and fuselage of metal and the pilot lies prone. One Jumo 004 jet unit was to give a maximum designed speed, with- out bombs, of 495 m.p.h. at 3,000ft. Junkers The outstanding Junkers aircraft was undoubtedly the Ju 88 which, first ,( flown as a bomber in 1936, was subs^*-' ^* quently adapted for a wide variety of .duties. This machine, in various forms, was in operation throughout the entire period of the European war and was, in fact, still in production when hostilities ended. The first jet-propelled heavy bomber ever to fly was the Ju 287. Although it had not progressed beyond the pro- totype stage it was intended to use two large turbo-jet units made by BMW or Junkers, each developing a static thrust of approximately 5,500- 7,000 lb. The aircraft would have had a crew of three and a maximum bomb load of 9,900 ib.; maximum speed at 16,400ft. was 537 m.p.h., a worthy complement to the Arado 234B. An interesting Junkers type was the
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