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Aviation History
1954
1954 - 1894.PDF
25 June 1954 857 Grumman S2F-1 (two Wright R-1820-76 Cyclones). Bell HSL-1 (Pratt and Whitney R-2800 Double Wasp). maintained. Collective pitch, and thus altitude, in forward flight is maintained by a pressure-sensing servo which varies collective pitch as a function of pressure altitude related to reference altitude. At any time the pilot can override any commands or displacements imposed by the autopilot simply by applying a moderate force to the primary controls; this is made possible by slip clutches between the servos and the system. Douglas AD-4 and 5 Skyraider. As intimated in the section dealing with carrier-borne strike aircraft, these Skyraiders can be employed for anti-submarine work and for early warning. A feature of the search and early-warning models is the massive "guppy" search-radar unit in the form of a plastic bowl beneath the forward fuselage. For early warning two crew members are carried in the aft fuselage to handle the radar, and to accommodate them the dive brakes are deleted. Armament is removed, no auxiliary fuel tanks are installed, and a P.l automatic pilot is fitted to relieve the pilot on long patrols. The countermeasures versions, incidentally, carry one additional operator in the aft fuselage to work the special radar gear; this includes detector equipment, to isolate and identify the frequency of enemy radar, and special transmitters to produce interference frequencies intended to jam the enemy equipment. Grumman AF-2 Guardian. The Guardian is the standard fixed-wing anti-submarine aircraft of the U.S. Navy, but is in process of being replaced by the later S2F. There are two basic versions—the AF-2W which, equipped with "guppy" search radar, serves as a hunter, and the AF-2S, which carries weapons in place of the radar. In both sub-types a crew of three is normal—a pilot and two radar operators in the -2W, and a pilot, navigator/bomb-aimer and radar operator in the -2S. Typical internal loads of the latter are one 2,000 lb torpedo, two 1,600 lb depth charges, or two 2,000 lb bombs. Additionally the -2S can carry offensive stores under the wings and has a searchlight and radar scanner. Span, 60ft 8in; length, 43ft 4in; max. speed, about 300 m.p.h. Grumman S2F-1. Whereas the two Guardian versions work as a hunter/killer team, the S2F-1 combines the two functions. Powered with two Wright R-1820-76 Cyclones, it carries a four- man crew, the latest electronic equipment and homing torpedoes, depth charges, bombs and/or rockets. Sonobuoys are believed to be stowed in the tails of the engine nacelles, and the search radar is in a retractable housing aft of the bomb bay, as on the Fairey Gannet. The S2F-1 is equipped for all-weather operation, and to this end the latest navigational equipment is specified. A special combustion heater serves the cabin, the electronic equipment and the torpedo compartments. S2F-ls will be supplied not only to the U.S. Navy but to the Royal Canadian Navy, who consider that of fourteen operational roles which come within the scope of naval aviation, the type can perform twelve. Sikorsky H04S-1, 2 and 3. These are anti-submarine ver sions of the basic Sikorsky S-55. The -1 and -2 are powered with a Pratt and Whitney R-1340 Wasp, but the -3 has the more powerful Wright R-1300 Cyclone. It is generally agreed in the U.S. Navy that these machines cannot do more than a marginal job in the anti-submarine role, and this realization has led to the development of the HSS-1. Sikorsky HSS-1. This machine is considerably larger than the H04S models and bears the Sikorsky type number S-58. Design features of both the S-51 and S-56 are embodied, and the 1,525 h.p. Wright R-1820 Cyclone is mounted at an angle of 34 deg in the nose. The rear fuselage has a large fin and is hinged to fold for carrier stowage. The main rotor has four blades and these can also be folded by hand. Military prototype of Bristol 173 (two Alvis Leonides). An anti-submarine version is being developed for the Royal Navy.
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