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Aviation History
1956
1956 - 0584.PDF
584 FLIGHT AERO ENGINES 1956 . . . reported that the Autan is well advanced in development running andis shortly to undertake a full 150-hr type test. Palouste. Production series to a total of over 150 engines are nowbeing scheduled through the works at Bordes, nearly all of these being for Djinn pressure-jet helicopters. In the Palouste the excess deliveryof air from an over-size compressor is extracted through a duct, the sole purpose of the engine being to supply compressed air suitable forhelicopter propulsion or for various industrial purposes. The latest variant is the Palouste IV, in which the output has been raised from1.9 lb/sec to 2.5 lb/sec. It is fitted to the Djinn and is equipped for hand or electric starting. A new item is the sonic venruri through whichthe extracted air passes, which automatically controls the delivery to prevent excessive jet-pipe temperature. The weight is 199 lb. Artouste. Several different development-stages of Artouste haveappeared since the late 1940s, but none have been ordered in large quantities. All have been single-shaft units, with a reduction gear-box mounted at the front end. An indication of the increase in power which Turbomeca have wrung from a severely restricted compass isclear from the ratings of the various marks: Artouste I, 280 h.p.; Artouste II, 400/410 h.p.; and, finally, Artouste III, 600/650 h.p. Allthese are shaft powers. The Artouste III was first seen at the 1955 Paris show and it hadthen been on test several months. It incorporates all the new advances characterizing the latest Turbomeca units. Bastan. At present the new Bastan is the most powerful shaft-driving engine yet to have been developed by Turbomeca (and, since the demise of the S.N.E.CM.A. TB-1000, it is the largest turboprop inFrance). Although it is of the more recent Turbomeca layout the maximum rating of 800 h.p. indicates a mass flow of the order of12 lb/sec, which does not tie up with any existing turbojet or air-com- pressor unit. A prototype ran last year and flight trials are expectedto begin 12 months from now. Special helicopter versions of the engine are being evolved. Marcadau. This name is applied to the airscrew-driving (i.e., turbo- prop) versions of the Artouste II, rated at 400/410 h.p. No production was ordered. Torino. Originally developed for use in armoured vehicles of the French Army, the Turmo is a free-turbine, shaft-driving engine which has been completely redesigned (both by the original company and by Blackburn in England) for aircraft use. The aircraft version has not, so far, been built in large numbers. WASSMER. Societe B. Wassmer, 13 Rue Etienne Dolet, Paris. Thiscompany, which has manufactured sailplanes and light aircraft, last year exhibited an exceedingly attractive conversion of the familiar 850 c.c.Dyna-Panhard car engine. The resulting Dyna-Wassmer 850 is an air-cooled flat twin weighing 143 lb and providing a take-off power of35 h.p. at 3,700 r.p.m. on 80-octane fuel. The company have designed a complete power installation, including cowling, accessories and exhaustassembly, which should be marketed at a competitive price. A pre- production unit was exhibited last summer and the engine is scheduledto become available in the not too distant future. ALFA ROMEO. Alfa Romeo S.p.A., Via Marco Ulpio Traiano 33,Milan. No new designs are at present in hand although the well-known 115ter (similar to a Gipsy Queen) remains in active status. Since 1954considerable new overhaul equipment has been installed in the works at Pomigliano d'Arco, Naples, to fit the establishment for their presentwork of overhauling Goblin turbojets and Wright R-3350 piston engines. FIAT. Fiat S.p.A., Divisione Aviazione, Corso G. Agnelli 200,Turin. Compared with most other Italian firms, the giant Fiat organ- ization is prosperous and active. The company entered the gas-turbinefield in 1947 with the manufacture of Goblin spares for the Italian Air Force, and later manufactured complete Ghost 48s, of which more than Turbomeca Artouste III. Single-shaft turboprop. One axial compressor stagefollowed by a single-sided centrifugal stage, annular combustion chamber and two-stage turbine. Overall height, 22in; width, 17.8in; length, approximately 68in;dry weight, 333 Ib; mass flow, about 8.8 Ib/sec; pressure ratio, 5.1:1; take-off rating, 645 s.h.p. with 6,000 r.p.m. output-shaft speed and s.f.c. of 0.73; m.e.t.o., 525 h.p. Fiat 4002. Turbojet. Single-sided centrifugal compressor, reverse-flow annularcombustion chamber with 12 fuel injectors and single-stage turbine. Overall diameter, 22.35in; length, 40.7in; dry weight, 219.5 1b (less tailpipe); mass flow,about 8 Ib/sec; pressure ratio, 4:1; maximum thrust, 550 Ib at 26,000 r.p.m. with s.f.c. of 1.25. A free turbine, shaft-drive version of this engine is projected. 80 were ordered by S.N.C.A.S.E. (France); further contracts must bynow have been placed for this engine to power the third batch of Aquilons. In 1953, the first American off-shore contracts were placed,the largest, at the end of 1954, being worth over £3m and covering overhaul and spares production of J35-A-29 turbojets for NATOforces. Similar contracts have now been granted for J47-GE-33s (sup- plemented to include J47-GE-17B engines for Fiat-assembled F-86Ks)and parts-manufacture for Wright J65s. Fiat also have three gas-turbine projects of their own, one of whichis described below. The manufacture of piston engines has ceased, but overhaul and spares-production is going ahead in various plants forPratt and Whitney radials, Rolls-Royce Merlin 500s and other engines. Model 4002. This small turbojet, the first of various Fiat gas-turbinedesigns to be built, is a real attempt at the evolution of a simple, cheap and easily-maintained powerplant for military trainers, targets andcertain missiles. Shaft-drive derivatives are also under development for helicopters and industrial applications.The front-end contains an integral oil tank and auxiliary drives. A highly rated centrifugal compressor is employed, the impeller and pre-whirl unit being engineered for easy manufacture. A short drive- shaft leads to the axial turbine with fir-tree-mounted blades. Particu-lar interest attaches to the combustion chamber, of the annular reverse- flow type, consisting of two large fabricated rings easily removed to therear. Overall mechanical design is ingenious and of high quality. Bench trials began about a year ago, but there is no news of the engine'shaving flown. Fiat Ghost 48 Mk 1. Turbojet. Single-sided centrifugal compressor, ten com-bustion chambers and single-stage turbine. Overall diameter, 53in; length, 13O.5in; dry weight, 2,175 Ib; mass flow, 88 Ib/sec; pressure ratio, 4.5:1; maximum thrust,4,850 Ib at 10,250 r.p.m. with s.f.c. of 1.09. • Made under de Havilland licence. JAPAN * ' " LEADING Japanese aircraft manufacturers have collaborated to formthe Japan Jet Engine Company (1010 Tanashi-machi Kitatama-gun, Tokyo) under the auspices of the Japanese Government. Oneof themember-companies is Fuji Heavy Industries, Ltd. (Naigai Building, 18 2-chome, Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo) who designed two turbo-jets, for which responsibility now rests with the J.J.E. company. The first to reach the running stage (in 1954) was the Jo-1, des-cribed on p. 585. Some hundreds of hours, on more than one proto- type, have taken the engine to the flight-test stage, which is scheduledto begin before the end of the year. The other unit is more ambitious: with the designation Ji-1, it has a design rating of 6,615 lb thrust andemploys a 12-stage compressor, annular combustion chamber and two- stage turbine. Component testing has been in progress for severalmonths but there is no report of a complete engine having run. In April 1954 the Fuji Automotive Company were licensed to manu-facture Continental engines, including gas turbines derived by the American company from Turbomeca designs. It is reported that thelicence cost £53,600 and that Fuji will pay a £27 royalty on each of the first 400 engines manufactured and then an £18 royalty up to atotal of £26,800. A major programme of Ishikawajima Heavy Industries is the licence-
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