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Aviation History
1956
1956 - 0919.PDF
FLIGHT, 6 July 1956 aerodynamic hinge moment. Double-slotted all-metal flaps are fittedwith synchronization provided to prevent asymmetrical flap motion. I he leading edge of the tailplane incorporates provisions for boot-type de-icing equipment; thermal de-icing is optional. The tailplane is of cantilever, all-metal construction, consisting of a continuous two-spar box with conventional ribs and skin/stringers. The elevators are similar in construction to the ailerons; likewise the structure of thefin and rudder is similar to that of the tailplane and elevator. The fuselage is of all-metal semi-monocoque construction, incorporat-ing frames and longitudinal stiffeners with smooth aluminium alloy sheet covering. Structural provision is included in the fuselage for theinstallation of 18 windows as well as three emergency exits. The main cargo-compartment entrance doorway in the nose is78in high and 106in wide. The cargo floor is parallel to, and 52in above, the ground. Access to the nose doorway is through two verticallyhinged clamshell doors incorporating eight windows. The main cargo compartment side door is 75in high and 76in wide, and is on the portside of the fuselage at the aft end of the main cargo compartment. An auxiliary side door is incorporated. A movable bulkhead can beused for partitioning the main cargo compartment. Entrance to the aft compartment is by a door located on the starboard side of thefuselage. The main cargo floor is designed for a loading of 150 lb/sq ft. Crew entrance and emergency exits are provided by a door 20in wideby 34in high located on the starboard side of the crew compartment immediately aft of the co-pilot's seat. Internal access to the pilots'compartment is by a hatchway in the floor; the hatch covering incorpor- ates a folding ladder which gives access to the main cargo compartment.The cockpit incorporates a V-type, de-iced, impact-resistant wind- screen capable of withstanding the impact of a four-pound bird at191 kt and having double-glazed panels to allow the introduction of heated air for defrosting. Conventional wipers are provided. The undercarriage is a fully retractable, tricycle gear incorporatingfour main wheels (one dual set on each side) and steerable nosewheels. Retraction and extension, steering and braking are hydraulic. Automaticsafety devices prevent accidental retraction. The landing gear is de- signed to extend and latch in case of hydraulic failure. Shock absorberstruts are conventional, oleo-pneumatic struts. Nose gear wheels are splined to a live axle. POWERPLANT. The Safari is offered with either of two standardpowerplants, although design studies have been made for the Alvis Leonides Major and Lycoming T53 turboprop. The normal units arethe Pratt and Whitney R-1340 of 600 h.p. and the Wright R-1300 of 800 h.p. Each is installed as an interchangeable unit on a tubularmounting in an N.A.C.A. cowl, and drives an lift 6in Hamilton Standard airscrew.The lubrication system consists of an oil tank, radiator and oil dilution for each engine. Oil tanks have a capacity of 12i gallons each. SYSTEMS. Flying Controls. Flight controls are duplicated for pilotand co-pilot. Conventional flexible cable connections run between the cockpit and control surfaces. Trim controls for rudder, elevators andailerons, together with position-indicators, are provided. Hydraulic System. All closed hydraulic circuits have relief valves toprevent undue strain. Satisfactory provisions for bleeding the system are provided. The operating pressure is 3,000 lb/sq in, and hydraulicfluid is of C.A.A.-approved inflammable type. The system is served by pumps on each of the four engines, drawing from a hydraulic reservoirwhich is readily accessible for filling, draining and removal, and which incorporates a sight-gauge. A hydraulic emergency hand pump isprovided in the pilots' compartment accessible to the co-pilot. Fuel System. This is designed to allow fuel to flow from any tankto any engine. Four bag-type fuel tanks are mounted in the centre section wing. Normal fuel capacity will be 1,000 gallons; structuralprovision for an additional 500 gal is made. Electrical System. This is basically a single wire grounded systemoperating on 24 to 28 volts D.C. The system is based on the Aircraft Industries Association Manual for Aircraft Electrical Installation. Allpower sources are connected to a main bus through relays controlled from the cockpit; secondary bus-bars connect to the main bus throughcircuit breakers. Essential loads are connected to the main bus, non- essential loads to the secondary bus. A switch connects an emergencybus-bar distribution system directly to the battery. Power supply is from four engine-driven 30 volt, 100 amp generators.Two 12-volt, 88 amp-hr batteries are installed; instruments and radio equipment requiring 110-volt or 26-volt A.C. are supplied by either oftwo 24-volt, 500-VA inverters on the flight deck. A 100-VA inverter provides emergency power for the flight instruments. A three-prongedhigh-capacity connector on the fuselage permits 24 volt D.C. to be supplied from an external source. Radio. The basic radio communication and navigation system consistsof one 25 watt V.H.F. transmitter, 118-135 m/cs, and one V.H.F. com- munications/navigation receiver, plus structural provisions for thefollowing equipment (this equipment will be optional and will depend on individual customer requirements): duplicate 25 watt V.H.F. trans-mitter, 118-135 m/cs; V.H.F. communications/navigation receiver, 108-135 m/cs; marker beacon receiver, 75 m/cs; H.F. transceiver withautomatic aerial tuning unit, 2-18 m/cs; two A.D.F. receivers, 90-1,750 k/cs; two glide slope receivers, 300 m/cs; public addressamplifier; audio isolation amplifier. . Air Conditioning System. The heating system is capable of main-taining a temperature of at least 75 deg F with outside air temperature of minus 50 deg F. The system incorporates a combustion heater,cold air being taken through ducts from an air intake scoop. A ground blower is installed in the fuselage heater from which heated air maybe supplied on the ground. ACCOMMODATION. Cargo Role. The Safari, its makers claim,introduces a new approach to cargo handling by bemg specifically adap- ted to modern mechanical techniques. It lends itself to a cargo preloaded-pallet system that permits simultaneous loading and unloading, a feature of particular value to the operator interested in tightly scheduled nightsin which turn-around time can be of great importance. This is accom- 65 Payload/range is for R-1300-powered F-l at 8,000ft with 45-m/n re- serve; costs are for R-1340- powered aircraft, A.T.A. method, no wind, 9-min manoeuvre, 30 - per - cent residual, depreciation over a period of 7 years. 3OO 40O RANGE(st mites) 24, T 400 BOO I2OO I6OO 2OOO RANGE (nm ) 24OO 26OO 32OO 36OO plished through doors located at both ends of the cargo compartment(clamshell nose-doors and a big door, 6ft 3in by 6ft 4in, on the port side aft at the same floor height) which give clear access for the insertionand removal of pallets by means of mechanized loading and unloading procedures at both ends of the cargo compartment. The loading of the pallets (which are provided in various sizes) maybe accomplished from a truck, an inclined ramp, or by means of a special dock. Flared lead-in devices located at the floor edge guide thepallet wheels into longitudinal tracks which run the full length of the compartment, and which incorporate locking pins. Six main, longi-tudinal tracks in the floor of the cargo compartment carry all cargo loads into the structure. Opposite the aft cargo door there is a setof transverse tracks which intersect the longitudinal main tracks with mating guides to permit the pallet wheels to caster for side-wise insertionor removal from the main longitudinal tracks. For those operators who employ methods of handling not involvingpallets, the floor is covered with readily replaceable panels surfaced with an abrasion-resistant material. Tie-down is effected by removablerings locked into the longitudinal tracks. Combination payloads of cargo and passengers may be accommodatedby dividing the fuselage interior into forward and aft compartments. Separation of these two sections is accomplished by means of an easilymovable bulkhead which permits broad variations of space. The bulk- head as well as passenger seats are fastened with special fittings whichmount on the longitudinal main tracks. Passenger Role. The standard arrangement is based on the use ofnine rows of five-abreast seats which are each 18in in width and leave an 18in aisle down the centre. These seats are attached to the longitudinalcargo tie-down rails at a pitch of 39in, and each row is opposite one of the nine windows on each side of the cabin. The windows are25in high and 16in across. The lower half of each of these elliptical windows is extended horizontally (as in the Caravelle) to provide in-creased visibility below the horizon. The rectangular cross-section of the cabin (unusual in an airliner)provides ample space for carry-on luggage compartments below the ceiling on both sides of each of the nine ranks of seats. Since carry-onluggage will be stowed in the compartment nearest to each passenger's seat, traffic flow is not interrupted at the cabin entrance. These compartments, together with insulated wall-panels, individualreading lights, air outlets and window curtains form units conforming to the 39in "dimensional module," to which the fuselage is designed andbuilt. Carpets, ceiling liners with lighting fixtures, and all necessary trim strips also are cut to this same 39in dimension. An all-passengerversion thus contains nine pairs of these "modular kits." In the com- bined cargo-passenger version, a movable bulkhead separating thepassengers from cargo may be installed adjacent to the forward edge of the foremost modular unit. Since the cabin of the Safari extends to the nose of the fuselage,a unique design feature in the form of a "vistaramic" lounge has been incorporated. The eight windows in the nose provide an unobstructedforward view which can be enjoyed by practically all the passengers, and not only those in the six scats facing the "vistaramic" window.Where conversion is contemplated the lounge windows are installed in tire clamshell doors. In a permanent passenger version they can beinstalled in a fixed nose structure.
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