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Aviation History
1956
1956 - 1146.PDF
292 FLIGHT, 24 August 1956 AIRCRAFT OF THE COMMONWEALTH - 19S6 AUSTRALIA D.A.P. Canberra B.20 D.A.P. Jindivik 2 CA-22WinjeelCA-27 Sabre D.H. Vampire T.33 ... Fairey Firefly T.5 CANADA Avro Aircraft CF-100-4 Avro Aircraft CF-100-5 Avro Aircraft CF-105 Canadair C-4 Canadair C-5 Canadai r Sabre 4 ... Canadair Sabre 6 Canadair Silver Star (T-33AN) Canadair CL-28 ana air CanCar Harvard 4 ... CanCar Mentor (Beech T-34A) D.H.C.1 Chipmunk ... D.H.C.2 Beaver D.H.C.3 Otter D.H.C.4 D.H.-built CS2F (Grumman design) Fleet-built Courier ... Doman-Fleet LZ-5 ... INDIA Hindustan HT-2 Hindustan HT-10 ... Power Unit(s) No. 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 22 4 4 1 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 Type C.A.C. Avon A.S.M. Viper P&W R-985 C.A.C. Avon 20 ... D.H. Goblin 3 R-R Griffon 74 Orenda 11 Orenda Iroquois R-R Merlin 720-6 P&W R-2800 J47-GE-27 Orenda 14 R-RNene10 Wright R-3350 ... R-R Tyne ... P & W R-1340 Continental O-470 Gipsy Major 1c P&W R-985 P&W R-1340 R-1340 Wright R-1820 ... Lycoming Lycoming SO-580D Cirrus Major III ... P&W R-1830 ... Total power * 13,000 1,900 4558,000 3,500 2,020 15.000 16,000 40,000f 7,040 9,000 5,800 8.000 5,100 14,800 1 Q nnnlO.UUU 550 225 140 450 600 1,200 3,000 260 400 155 1,050 Span (ft) 64 19 39 37 38 41 50 56 117 117 37 37 36 142 142 42 33 34 48 58 85f 70 39 48$ 35 44 Length (ft) 66 23 29 38 34 38 54 54 94 94 38 38 38 122 1 5 30 26 25 30 42 50f 42 30 38$ 25 33 Gross Weight (Ib) 4.23517,000 12,390 12.000 37,000t 35,500 56,000t 82,300 86,000 16,000 16.000 12,000 150,000 175,000 5,617 2,900 1,900 4,820 7,600 20,000t 2,800 5.000 2,240 8,500 fiax. Speed (m.p.h.) — 187700 550 360 660 675 M = 2+ 320 340 670 690 600 350 450 210 190 139 164 160 .175t 170 98 130 230t Typical Load or Operational Equipment As for R.A.F. B.2. Radio-governed autopilot Three seats, 72 gal. fuelTwo 30 mm Aden guns plus 4,000 Ib stores on underwing racks.20 mm guns, plus 1,000 Ib underwing load. Four 20 mm guns plus underwing stores. 104 rockets and eight 0.5 guns. 104 rocketsGuided weapons. About 15,0001b or 40 seats About 18,0001b. Six 0.5in guns. Six 0.5in guns. Under- wing stores. Two 0.5in guns. Two seats. Various offensive storesinternally. As Britannia. Two seats. Two seats. Radio. Two seats. 742 Ib dis- posable.Up to seven seats. Up to 17 seats. About 30 seats. Four seats, weapons and radar. 900 Ib (agricultural 1,600). 2,1401b or six passengers. Twoseats. Radio optional. Two seats side-by-side. Remarks In production. Many in service. In production. High subsonic speed. Deliveries in progress; 62 on order.Deliveries in progress. At least 90 on order; many in service. In production. At least 36 on order. Conversion of British-built Firefly A.S.5. Limited production. Order for 510 completed. In production. Production contract; prototype ex-pected to fly in 1957. Will have delta wing. 72 built, civil version pressurized.One only. V.I.P. transport. 1 Total of over 1,500 built. Sabre 6 f currently in production. In production; over 500 delivered. Development of Britannia. First CL-28 to fly in January. Proteus or Orion engines. 550 built since 1945, production now complete. Production of 125 (100for U.S.A.F.,25 for R.C.A.F.) complete. Total of 158 built; about 1,000 more from U.K. Production now restarted.In production; about 1,000 delivered. In production; about 160 delivered. Project. Deliveries starting, D.H. being "prime contractor." Licence from Helio Aircraft Corp. Agricultural weight 3,500 ib. Licence from Doman Helicopters, Inc. In production for I.A.F. Available for export. Prototype being built. * Pounds thrust or horsepower; t Estimated value; % Rotor diameter and fuse/age length. ,- r Orenda Engines PS-13 Iroquois (mock-up). COMMONWEALTH AVIATION The Engines AS in previous years, by far the most important aero-engine company ini*. the British Commonwealth is Orenda Engines, Ltd., of Toronto, Canada (page 300). Originally it was the gas turbine division ofA. V. Roe, Canada, Ltd., and its work is centred at an 800,000-sq ft plant at Malton, near Toronto. The Orenda is a single-shaft turbojet which in its earliest versionsemployed a ten-stage compressor, six large tubular combustion chambers and a single-stage turbine. Several hundred such engines were deliveredfor the Avro CF-100 and Canadair Sabre, weighing about 2,700 lb and rated at approximately 5,800 lb thrust. During the past two years the Orenda 11 and 14, with a two-stageturbine, have gone into production. Although considerably more powerful, these engines are no longer than their predecessors and arelighter by some 140-150 Ib. Deliveries of the Orenda 11 for the CF-100-4 began in April 1954. The guaranteed thrust of this version is 7,000 lbwith a j.p.t. of 690 deg C and a weight of about 2,405 lb. In the Orenda 14 the j.p.t. is set at 715 deg C to give increased thrust. Deliveries of these engines for the Sabre 6 began in September 1954. More than3,000 Orendas have now been delivered and production is proceeding steadily at a reduced rate of approximately 25 per month. Each enginecosts some £23,200, which is most competitive. Orenda's future rests on what may well be the largest and mostpowerful aero-engine in the world, the turbojet named Iroquois, which began life with the works designation PS-13 (Project Study 13). Workbegan on this engine in 1953 as a private venture, but it is now in receipt of extensive government support as the powerplant for the forthcomingCF-105. The accompanying photograph depicts a mock-up of this mightyengine. It is of the two-spool configuration with a design pressure ratio of approximately 8:1, which is a good optimum figure for supersonicoperation. Other visible features are the annular combustion system, the tank of accessories under the compressor and the hot-air de-icingpipes. The engine has been designed for a dry thrust of at least 20,000 Ib and will give a rating approaching 30,000 lb with a speciallightweight Marquardt afterburner. Orenda's associates, Canadian Steel Improvement, are supplying titanium for major portions of the Iroquois.To show the weight-saving that this is making possible, it has been estimated that, whereas steel compressor blades for a particular stagewould weigh 29 Ib and require a steel disc weighing 48 lb, titanium blades for the same stage would weigh 17 Ib and require only a 16-lbdisc. The dry weight of the engine is hoped not to exceed 4,000 lb, which gives an indication of the exceedingly advanced design of the unit. Bench running started in the winter of 1954-55, by which time Avrohad spent £ 1.43m on the engine. Last November the Iroquois was reported to have completed 140 hr and an initial 55-hr test was runearlier this year. Elsewhere in this issue is published an artist's impres- sion of the unique experimental installation of the Iroquois at the tail of aB-47 test bed. The only other aero engine of Commonwealth design is the smallpiston engine named Cicada produced by the Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation of Melbourne, Australia. Apart from having only sevencylinders, the Cicada is essentially similar to the Pratt and Whitney R-985 Wasp Junior. The airscrew is driven through a gearbox whichplaces the splined shaft slightly above the horizontal centre-line. After having been fully developed during 1952-5, the design has been placedin reserve for future production as required. The other major engine programmes of the Commonwealth aredescribed under the relevant company headings elsewhere in this issue. They comprise the following: mass-production of various types ofRolls-Royce Avon by Commonwealth Aircraft in Melbourne; mass-pro- duction (recently completed) of the Nene 10 by Rolls-Royce of Canada;and production of the Pratt and Whitney R-1340 and Wright R-1820 by Canadian Pratt and Whitney Aircraft.
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