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Aviation History
1957
1957 - 1626.PDF
714 FLIGHT, 1 November 1957 AIRLINERS OF THE WORLD FRIENDSHIP . . . Fuel System Total fuel capacity is 818 Imp. gal contained inintegral wing-tanks. Port and starboard fuel systems are connected by a cross-feed line, and a small collector tank in each nacelle hasa low-pressure fuel pump to reduce the amount of residual fuel. Refuelling is via either under-wing pressure connections or throughover-wing filler caps. De-icing The wings and engines are protected from ice-for-mation thermally, by exhaust-heated fresh air supplied to the leading edges. Tailplane de-icing is effected by electric heatingelements. Operators have the alternative choice of pneumatic overshoes for de-icing. Radio A typical radio installation, variable according to cus-tomers' requirements, comprises: Bendix or Collins V-H.F.; Collins glide-path and marker beacon receiver; Bendix A.D.F.;Standard Telephones V.H.F.; Collins H.F.; and Bendix intercom. Provision is made for the duplication of equipment. POWERPLANT The engines are Rolls-Royce Dart R.Da.6(Mark 511) of the type installed in Viscount 700D and Viscount 800 Series, developing 1,740 e.h.p. each and driving Rotol 12ftfour-bladed propellers. The Friendship is now offered also with Dart R.Da.7s (Mark 528), developing 1,960 e.h.p. The engine nacelles are in three sections: (1) nacelle centre-piece, having a fixed connection with the wing and containing the engine-mounting brackets, main undercarriage, and water/methanol tanks; (2) detachable powerplant complete with air- screw and cowling, and (3) detachable tail portion housing elec-trical equipment. At the forward end of the centre-piece is a fireproof bulkhead through which passes the outwards-inclinedshrouded jet pipe. The Rotol auxiliary gearbox is mounted flat in a separate compartment behind the firewall, with the majority ofaccessories vertical. FLIGHT DECK The flight deck accommodates two pilots,with provision for a supernumerary crew member if required. There are two conventional flight panels, one for each pilot, withengine instruments between. The central control pedestal incor- porates throttles, fuel cocks, trimmers, flap levers and under-carriage selection. The overhead panel incorporates radio con- trols, engine starters and relight buttons and electrical switches.Layout of the flight deck was developed in close association with K.L.M., and is remarkable for its visibility, space and headroom. PAYLOAD ACCOMMODATION The standard version of the Friendship carries 32 passengers. By moving the forwardbulkhead, reducing the cargo space up forward, and by further reducing pantry space at the aft end of the cabin, seating can beincreased to 36 or 40 maintaining the same 35^in pitch. A lavatory-washroom is situated at the aft end, with a cargo com-partment at the extreme aft end. Originally the standard version of the Friendship—representedby the first prototype—accommodated 28 passengers in four- abreast seating (fuselage diameter is 8ft lOin) plus 280 cu ft ofcargo space in the forward part of the fuselage. Towards the end of 1955, when the promise of increased Dart power became areality, it was decided to stretch the fuselage 3ft forward on the wing, and to use the additional cabin space by installing an extrarow of four seats. Cargo capacity remained the same, being acces- sible through a door on the port side (4ft x 3ft 7in, sliding inwardsand upwards on rails), but passenger accommodation was thus increased from 28 to 32. COMMERCIAL HISTORY The Friendship is Fokker'sfirst airliner for 20 years, and can trace its ancestry to the famous Fokker airliners of the 'thirties such as the Trimotor F-7, F-10,F-12 and F-18 which were the standard equipment of many airlines, K.L.M. in particular. Fokker undertook the marketresearch which resulted in the Friendship in 1951 and 1952. The decision to go ahead with the construction of a prototypewas taken in the summer of 1952, and the first flight took place on November 24, 1955. By then the first order had been placed(two for K.L.M.), and in April 1956 the licence agreement with Fairchild—which had been the subject of negotiation for sometime—was finally concluded. The present Fokker and Fairchild Friendship order books,which significantly already include four airlines which have ordered Viscounts, stands at 107, and is as follows: — Fokker-built: K.L.M., 2; Aer Lingus, 7 (late 1958); T.A.A., 6 (early1959); Dutch Government, 1; "an Italian company," 1; Braathens, 3; Australian Government, 2; Iranian Oil, 2; Trabajos Aereos y Enlaces(Spain), 3 (spring 1959); Philippine Air Lines, 2 (late 1959); Sabena, 12; Belgian Air Force, 6. Fairchild-built: West Coast Air Lines, 6 (March-October 1958);Mackey, 2 (March 1958); Frontier, 4 (October 1958); Bonanza, 3 (May- June 1958); Piedmont, 12 (April-October 1958); General Tire andRubber, 1 (1958); Continental Can Co., 1 (1958); Quebecair, 2 (August- September 1959); other U.S. executive versions, 10; Aerovias Ecua-torianas, 1 (November 1958); Northern Consolidated, 3 (October 1958- April 1959); Southwest Airlines, 3 (September-October 1958); WheelerAirlines (Quebec), 2 (February-March 1959); Avensa, 5 (July 1958- January 1959); Wien Alaska, 3 (February-April 1959); Butler Aviation,1 (exec, 1959); Bank of Mexico, 1 (exec, 1959).
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