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Aviation History
1958
1958 - 0846.PDF
862 FLIGHT Military Aircraft of the World SPAIN Hispano HA-300 Willi Messerschmitt is reported to be supervisingthe design of a fighter powered by a Bristol Orpheus engine and having this designation. Very little information has yet been officially releasedabout the project. An early wind-tunnel model suggested a delta-wing plan-form with the single-seat cockpit well forward in the nose, but thishas since been considerably modified. Operational use would be for ground-attack and day fighting. No performance figures are available. Hispano HA-200-R1 Construction of a pre-production batch of thesetwin-Marbore-powered, tandem-two-seat trainers is proceeding at Seville. The Marbore engines are being made under licence by theSpanish national aircraft engine company, ENMASA. Design work was carried out under the supervision of Messerschmitt and the first flightwas made on August 12, 1955. Wings and rear fuselage are those of the earlier, piston-engined HA-100 Triana. The two turbojets aremounted side-by-side in the nose, the jet-pipes issuing beneath the fuselage near the wing trailing-edge. Tip-tanks are permanently attachedand provision is made for the carriage of armament for weapon training. Span, 34ft 2in; length, 29ft 1.5in; height, 10/r 8i'n; empty weight,3,697 Ib; gross weight, 6,995 Ib; max. speed at s.L, 405 m.p.h.; time to 29,000/r, 16 min; service ceiling, 39,360ft; range at 32,800/r, 1,056 miles. SWEDEN Saab J3SA Draken After a very rapid development programme, thefirst Drakens should reach Swedish squadrons early next year. The first of three prototypes flew on October 25, 1955; the type was ordered intoproduction in August 1956 and the first production machine flew on February 15 this year. Power is at present supplied by a Rolls-RoyceAvon 200 series engine with Rolls-Royce afterburner giving 11,250 Ib and 14,500 lb without and with afterburning. On this power the Draken Saab A32A Lansen. can achieve Mach 1.4 on the level, but the production version has a morepowerful Swedish afterburner and will achieve Mach 1.8. Early aircraft will be fitted for the night fighter role, carrying Swedishinterception and fire-control radar and an autopilot supplied by Lear. Capabilities will be extended until, in the early 1960s, Drakens will beable to exceed Mach 2 and will have greatly extended armament capabi- lity. Either unguided or guided air-to-air rockets, supplementing two30 mm revolver cannon in the inner wings, are at present specified. Six Bofors 13.5 cm air-to-ground rockets can also be carried under the wings. An aerodynamic individuality of the Draken is its double delta wingplan-form (aspect ratio 1.77), the low-speed characteristics of which were first assessed with a small-scale piloted prototype, the Saab 210. Theinner delta section has a sweep at the leading edge of no less than Hispano HA-200-R1 Saeta. 80 deg and is, therefore, sufficiently thick to accommodate cannon, alarge fuel tank and main undercarriage behind each intake. Outboard, the thin delta section has a sweep of 57 deg. Total wing area is538.2 sq ft. Saab claim that the Draken layout offers great flexibility for different installations and further development, that it is a relativelysmall aircraft while offering the operational capability of current larger types and that even with the comparatively small engine at presentinstalled considerable performance can be achieved. A new technique called extended tooling has been applied to speedproduction. In this way precision-boring machines are used to prepare parts and five Wharton tool sets, each including 150 standard parts havebeen brought into use. Skin panels are covered with bonded honeycomb. The combination of low wing-loading and high lift at low speed allowsthe Draken to operate from small airfields. With non-skid braking and a tail parachute the Draken can land in 2,000ft and take off in the samedistance. Four blunt-edged control surfaces are mounted in the trailing edge of the wing, operated in pairs by hydraulic full-power units andcontrolled differentially to give both horizontal and lateral control. Q-feel is provided. Span, 30ft 9m; length, 46ft 6in; gross weight, between 17,900 Ib and20,300 Ib; max. speed, Mach 1.4, increasing to Mach 2 plus with final development; min. landing run, 1,500/f; take-off run, under 2,000ft;initial rate of climb, 39,370/f/mm. Saab A32A Lansen Almost all the 12 attack squadrons of the RoyalSwedish Air Force are now equipped with the A32 Lansen. It was designed to be able to attack land and sea targets anywhere round theSwedish coasts within an hour of taking off from a central Swedish base. The prototype first flew on November 3, 1952, and exceeded Mach 1in a dive during the following year. It has a thin, laminar flow wing swept at 35 deg at 25 per cent chord and fitted with boundary layerfences and large Fowler-type flaps. Ailerons and elevator are fully powered by Saab-designed hydraulic units. Pilot and radar operatorsit in tandem beneath a single-piece, sideways-opening plastic canopy and have Saab ejection seats. Fixed armament is four 20 mm cannonin the nose, but bombs, rockets and air-to-ground missiles are carried under the wings. Power is provided by a Syenska Flygmotor RM5(licence-produced Rolls-Royce Avon RA.7 with Swedish reheat). A large radar in the nose serves both navigation and attack. Span, 42ft Sin; length, 49ft 2in; empty weight, 15,400 Ib; gross weight,about 22,000 Ib; max. speed, over 700 m.p.h.; landing speed, 125 m.p.h. Saab J32B Lansen This version of the Lansen is powered by themore powerful Swedish RM6 engine with enlarged afterburner giving more thrust and therefore much improved climbing performance. Newradar and fire-control are installed and the machine is intended primarily as an all-weather fighter. The prototype first flew on January 7, lastyear. Dimensions are the same as those of the A3 2A. Saab S32C Lansen A substantial number of these reconnaissanceversions are under construction and will allow Swedish reconnaissance units to convert entirely to jet aircraft. Main differences from thestandard A3 2A are provision for various combinations of cameras in compartments alongside the nosewheel bay, immediately ahead of theintakes. Day and night photography and radar reconnaissance are possible. Dimensions and performance are as for the A3 2A. Above, Saab J32B Lansen. Right, Saab J35A Draken Below, Saab S32C Lansen.
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