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Aviation History
1959
1959 - 0532.PDF
20 February 1959 expected air traffic. The other panel is, of course, concerned withthe tremendous problems involved in introducing large numbers of rurbine-engined airliners on to the world's air routes.A panel may operate largely by correspondence or it may hold frequent meetings. Its methods are generally adjusted to theparticular nature of the task in hand, and it is supported in its work by the secretariat. Special directives are issued to the panelsfrom the Air Navigation Commission, and members are not bound by the rules of procedure laid down for meetings. I.C.A.O. has established a technical programme for air naviga-tion based on submissions by contracting Slates. At appropriate times the decision is made to prepare a technical meeting or to setup a panel of experts. Generally, preparation for a meeting takes about two years, during which time an agenda is drawn up andinterested States submit papers to form a basis for discussion. Air Navigation Conferences and Divisional Meetings are gener-ally held at the headquarters at Montreal, but panels and other bodies may meet almost anywhere in the world. Each meeting and panel produces reports, which with otherworks help to constitute an impressive list of I.C.A.O. publica- tions, particularly so since versions are available in English,French, and Spanish, which are the three recognized working languages. (Publications are obtainable from the I.C.A.O. Dis-tribution Officer, International Aviation Building, 1080 University Street, Montreal, Canada, or from the regional offices in Egypt,France, Peru and Thailand. There are also sales agencies in Argentina, Australia, India, Mexico and in the United Kingdom;in the last-named case the agents are H.M. Stationery Office, and the index of I.C.A.O. publications bears the reference Doc 7680.) Much of the work of I.C.A.O. has to be planned on a regionalbasis and for this purpose- the eight areas shown in the map opposite have been apportioned. They overlap to a considerableextent, because the peripheral areas necessarily concern each of the adjacent regions involved. The regions are not administra-tive units. When the Air Navigation Commission decides upon a standard it must be implemented, and Regional Meetings arecalled for the States in the regions concerned and for those others whose airlines operate through the areas. The meetings divideinto sub-committees equivalent to the divisions and a detailed regional plan is drawn up. In the eight regions the plans involve some 40,000 facilities ofall kinds approved by the council. Regional meetings are held at a convenient centre, not necessarily within the region concerned.Encouragement and assistance in implementation (a familiar I.C.A.O. term) of the regional plan is to some extent the respon-sibility of regional offices at Paris, Cairo, Lima, Bangkok and Mexico, each of which is accredited to a group of states. Theregional offices are not directly connected with the I.C.A.O. geographical regions. In many instances facilities must be set up in a country althoughthey are far beyond the requirements or resources of that country. The weather stations and navigation aids in Greenland, Icelandand the Faroes for North Atlantic traffic are particular examples —as are the Atlantic ocean weather ships, which are, of course,in international waters. A "joint support programme" is therefore established to provide or assist in providing the installations, andthe money is contributed by interested States according to the use they make of the facilities. This is the main purpose of theJoint Support Committee. Also produced by I.C.A.O. are statistical surveys of air transportoperations, an example being that prepared for the Universal Postal Union on air mail costs and rates. Multilateral agreementon commercial air rights between nations was thought to be desirable in the Convention, but no universally accepted formulahas been found and more than 400 bilateral agreements have so far been concluded instead. The original Five Freedoms specifiedin the transport agreement have been ratified by only 11 nations, 261 THE Afghanistan Argentina Australia Austria Belgium Bolivia Brazil Burma Cambodia Canada Ceylon Chile China Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Czechoslovakia Denmark Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Ethiopia Finland France Germany 73 MEMBER STATES Ghana Greece Guatemala Haiti Honduras Iceland India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Japan Jordan Korea (Repub Lao. Lebanon Liberia Libya Luxembourg Malaya Mexico Morocco Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Norway Pakistan Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Switzerland Sudan Thailand lie of) Tunisia Turkey Union of South Africa United Arab Republic United Kingdom United States Uruguay Venezuela Viet-Nam 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 » 10 11 12 13 14 15 ANNEXES TO Personnel Licensing Rules of the Air Meteorology Aeronautical Charts Dimensional Units to be used in Air-ground Com- munications. Operation of Aircraft— International Air Trans- port. Aircraft Nationality and Registration Marks THE CONVENTION Licensing of operating and maintenance personnel. Rules relating to visual and instrument flight. Codes, meteorological communications and meteorological services. Standardization of charts for use in inter- national aviation. Reduction in the variety of dimensional systems. Specifications which will ensure in similar operations throughout the world a level of safety above o prescribed minimum. Requirements for registration and identifi- cation of aircraft. Airworthiness of Aircraft Certification ani inspsction of aircraft Facilitation Aeronautical Telecom- munications Air Traffic Services Search and Rescue Aircraft Accident Inquiry Aerodromes Aeronautical Informa- tion Services according to uniform procedures. Basing of international travel regulations responsibility of Air Transport Committee). Standardization of communications systems and radio air navigation aids. Establishment and operation of air traffic control, flight information and alerting services. Organization of facilities and services necessary for search and rescue. Uniformity in the notification, investigation of and reporting on aircraft accidents. Characteristics and equipment for aero- dromes used in international air navigation. Uniformity in methods of collection and dissemination of aeronautical information. although the European Civil Aviation Conference of 19 west-European nations has developed a multilateral agreement on non- scheduled air services. Another major I.C.A.O. activity is inproviding technical assistance to smaller countries in all phases of civil aviation, from infrastructure and aircraft maintenance to thetraining of aircrews. In fact, the projects are legion and the work will continue toexpand. But I.C.A.O. is mainly known, and most powerful, in its work towards standardization. It is here that it can greatlyaffect the pilot in his cockpit and the passenger on his journey— and also the manufacturer in his factory. AIR NAVIGATION COMMISSION DIVISIONS OF AH COMMISSION AGA AIR COM AIR TRANSPOR COMMITTEE DIVISIONS OF AT COMMITTEE LEGAL COMMITTEE COMMITTEE ONJOINT SUPPORT OF AIR NAVIGATION SERVICES FINANCE COMMITTEE The organization of I.C.A.O. with its com- mission, committees and divisions. Full wording tor the abbreviations is given on page 260 TT7MET PEL AIS MAP OPS RAC 1 SAR FAl STA
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