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Aviation History
1960
1960 - 0717.PDF
FLIGHT, 27 May 1960 717 NHI Kolibrie SM-1 Agusta M.V.120—a new unit in the Agustaseries.) • Empty weight, 8381b; gross weight 1,41 lib;cruising speed, 84 m.p.h.; rate of climb at s.l., 787ft/min; hovering ceiling (free air), 2,950ft; max range, 205 miles. Societa Per Azioni Fiat Corso Giovanni Agnelli 200, TurinModel 7002 A photograph on page 716 shows for the first time this helicopter inthe open air. It shows also the unconven- tional layout. The two-blade main rotoris driven by cold jets, compressed air being supplied by a Fiat 4700 turbo-generator in which the turbine-driven air-compressor is operated by a hot-gasgenerator, or primary engine, that em- bodies almost completely the componentsof the Fiat 4002 turbojet. Although, in the absence of torque reaction, it wouldhave been possible to abolish the tail rotor, it was in fact decided to install a smallducted rotor, mechanically driven by the main rotor, for directional control. Thisensures maximum manoeuvrability at low forward speeds and in autorotation. The fuselage is made up of light-alloysheets and embodies very large trans- parent panels. A typical layout will pro-vide for one pilot and six passengers. • Rotor diam., 39ft 4in; fuselage length, 20ft;empty weight, 1.3201b; gross weight, 3,0851b; cruising speed, 84 m.p.h.; service ceiling,11,150ft. Aer Lualdi &. C. S.p.A. 95 Via Panama, Rome L.59 A development of the L.55, thisfour-seat helicopter, powered with a 180 h.p. Lycoming O-360, has a Hiller-typetwo-blade main rotor. The doors are of car type and there is provision for twostretchers. • Rotor diam., 34ft 9in; fuselage length,29ft 9in; empty weight 1,4751b; gross weight, 2,5551b; cruising speed, 86 m.p.h.; hoveringceiling (free air), 5,575ft. NETHERLANDS Nederlandse Helicopter Industrie N.V. Veerdam 44, Papendrecht NHI H-3 Kolibrie The first ramjet helicopter to be operated commercially, the littk Kolibrie has rotor-tip units which, in terms of the makers' claim, "considerably simplify its construction,permitting a selling price of less than half the price of similar helicopters of con-servative construction." The makers fur- ther state: "Also the cost of maintenanceis comparatively low, while maintenance is very simple. Engine changes, whennecessary, require no more than ten minutes. Unfortunately ramjet engineshave the disadvantage of a high fuel con- sumption (low cost kerosine) at subsonicspeeds and for the Kolibrie the consump- tion averages 460 litres per hour, render-ing the aircraft unsuitable for operations of long duration. Maximum flight timeusing all lifting capacity for carrying fuel does not exceed one hour. This makes theKolibrie only useful for short missions, such as agricultural spraying and heli-copter pilot training. Especially when employed in crop-spraying work with thegenerally low annual numbers of flying hours, the low purchase cost of theKolibrie is a very advantageous factor, besides the very high safety and reliability,which are of great importance in this kind of work." The TJ5-A ramjets have anoutput of 60 h.p. each. Two seats are normally installed. • Rotor diam., 32ft 7in; fuselage length,13ft lOin; empty weight, 6641b; gross weight, 1,5401b; cruising speed for max range, 56m.p.h.; hovering ceiling (free air), 490ft; vertical rate of climb, 130ft/min. POLAND Motoimport Przemyslowa 26, WarsawSM-1 This Polish-built version of the Russian Mil Mi-1 continues to be offeredin agricultural, ambulance and executive versions. The engine is a Russian 575 h.p.AI-26W radial and typical accommoda- tion is for pilot and three passengers. Afluid de-icing system is provided for the rotors and the windscreen can also bede-iced by fluid spread over the glass by the wiper. Engine oil may be diluted tofacilitate starting in extreme cold. The inside of the windscreen can also beheated by hot air. De-icing fluid is con- tained in a 6 Imp gal tank with a second-ary supply in a tank holding 0.6 Imp gal. • Rotor diam, 47ft; length, 40ft 9in; emptyweight, 3,9251b; gross weight, 4,9601b; max speed at s.L, 124 m.p.h.; max vertical rate of climb, 1,280ft/min; hovering ceiling, 9,840ft;max range at 87 m.p.h., 240 miles. S-2 A reported five-seater develop-ment of the SM-1, with enlarged forward fuselage but having the same rotor. SPAIN Aerotecnica S.A. Velazquez 38, Madrid AC-12 This helicopter is of unusual lay-out, points of particular interest being the high concentration of mass achieved bymounting the Lycoming O-320 168 h.p. engine above the cabin, close to the rotorhead. Two fans draw cooling air down through oil coolers past the two pairs ofcylinders. The rotor-head controls are of ingenious layout and are claimed to providebalanced, light forces without any form of power assistance. • Rotor diam, 27ft lOin; length, 22ft 8in;empty weight, 1,2801b; gross weight, 1,8001b; max speed, 87 m.p.h.; cruising speed, 71 m.p.h.;hovering ceiling in ground effect, 7,870ft; range, 214 miles. AC-14 Powered by a TurbomecaArtouste 2 of 400 h.p., this helicopter is a five-seater. The engine is mounted, likethat of the AC-12, above the cabin, and the high-inertia rotor runs at constant speed.Construction of the four main-rotor blades is similar to that used in the AC-12, butthe complication and relative unreliability of a tail rotor has, according to the designer,been avoided by using the residual thrust of the engine for anti-torque power. Thisair is led to the tail and vented into a bifurcated nozzle. The end of the tail-pipecan be swivelled from the rudder pedals to alter the proportion of air deflected in eachdirection and achieve directional control. At the same time the rudder linkage movestwin fins, which assist in providing direc- tional control after engine failure. In orderto increase the cruising speed the bifur- cated nozzle can be opened to vent theengine air straight backwards and provide forward thrust. In this condition the aero-dynamic rudders alone ensure directional control. • Rotor diam, 31ft 6in; length, 26ft 6in;empty weight, 1,3781b; gross weight, 2,6461b; max speed, 118 m.p.h.; cruising speed, 103m.p.h.; hovering ceiling in ground effect, 16,075ft; range, 280 miles. Aerotecnico AC-12 Aerotecnica
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