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Aviation History
1961
1961 - 1215.PDF
FLIGHT, 31 August 1961 317 Bristol Siddeley Pegasus Olympus This two-shaft turbojet has established an outstanding reputation for economy, superb handling even at great altitudes, long overhaul life and reliability. The first-generation Olympus 104 is rated at 13,5001b thrust, and powers the Avro Vulcan B.I bomber. The second-generation Olympus 201 is rated at 17,0001b. and is in quantity production and squadron service in the Vulcan B.2. The addition of a zero-stage to the compressor and minor modifications elsewhere leads to the third-generation Olympus 301 with a rating of 20,0001b. Earlier this month a Vulcan 2 started flight trials with four of these very powerful engines, and Bristol Siddeley are themselves about to fly their own Vulcan 2 with two Olympus 301s in Nos 1 and 2 positions. An even more advanced Olympus, with Bristol Siddeley/Solar fully variable reheat, has a thrust of 33.0001b, and engines of this general type are under development for the British Aircraft Corporation TSR.2. Bristol Siddeley have also submitted an Olympus-derived engine to the Ministry of Aviation for use in the British Aircraft Corporation's supersonic airliner. Orpheus Simple and reliable, the single-shaft Orpheus turbojet is in production in Britain, Germany, Italy and India, and has also been exported to many other countries. Versions include: the Orpheus 701, 4,7001b thrust, for the Gnat fighter; 703, 4,8501b, Hindustan HF-24; 803, 5,0001b, all versions of Fiat G.91; 805, 4,0001b, derated for Japanese Fuji Tl-A trainer; and Orpheus 101. 4,2501b, Gnat T.I. An unusual installation supplies propulsion and jet-flap energization in the Hunting H.126. Pegasus Originally designated BS.53, this outstanding engine was the first lift/thrust powerplant in the world and also the first high-ratio turbofan to be developed in Britain (and the first in the world, except for conversions of earlier turbojet designs). The two-stage fan discharges through a forward nozzle on each side, and the hot jet from the remainder of the engine is likewise bifurcated and taken to a rear pair of lateral nozzles. All four nozzles are linked to an irreversible actuator, which points them downwards for lift, forwards for braking, or rearwards for thrust. Financed partly by Bristol Siddeley and partly by the Mutual Weapons Development Programme for NATO requirements, the Pegasus first ran in September 1959 and has been flying in the Hawker P. 1127 since last October. The MWDP funding was increased in May, and new versions will probably introduce plenum- chamber burning for supersonic applications. It was unofficially reported recently that at present the Pegasus gives some 13,5001b thrust, and that the next major development will give it 30 per cent more power. Applications include V/STOL transports. Proteus Also widely employed in marine and industrial applications, this efficient turboprop has flown more than 2,000,000hr in the Britannia airliner and RAF transports. The Proteus 765, rated at 4,400 e.h.p., is clearing to 2,400hr between overhauls, and the 3,900 e.h.p. Proteus 705 is running to 2,8O0hr. Ramjets Some thousands of Thor engines have been delivered to power the highly supersonic, twin-engined Bloodhound missile. These 16in-diameter powerplants operate on ordinary kerosine, and have demonstrated almost perfect reliability. Brief details have been given of the 18in BSRJ.824, of approximately double the power, and it is known that a more advanced Thor has been developed to power the faster and longer-ranged Blood- hound 2, ordered for the RAF, Sweden and Switzerland. Bristol Siddeley have also conducted extensive research into ramjets for supersonic transports. Rockets For many years the establishment at Ansty, near Coventry, has been a leading source of HTP/kerosine rocket engines, many of which are fully controllable over a range of thrusts. An enviable record of reliability has been established by the Gamma 201 which powers the Black Knight research vehicle, and the new Gamma 301 incorporates a different chamber design. Powerplant of the Blue Steel stand-off missile for Bomber Command is the Stentor engine, with one large chamber and one small one. Viper Principal variants of this simple turbojet are the Viper 8, in production for the Jet Provost T.3 and Jindivik 2B and 102B targets, and the Viper 11, with thrust increased from 1,750 to 2,5001b, in production for the Jet Provost T.4, Macchi MB.326 and Jindivik 3A. Later this year bench-testing will begin on the 3,0001b-thrust BSV.20, a company- financed powerplant for the de Havilland D.H.I25, Douglas-Piaggio 808 and other applications. The D.H.125 is scheduled to fly next year. Bristol Siddeley Stentor Bristol Siddeley Olympus 21 Mk 301
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