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Aviation History
1961
1961 - 1716.PDF
822 FLIGHT, 23 November1961 Eastern was the first carrier to inaugurate Lockhtcu L.ectro services Commercial Aircraft of the World . . . JAPAN See under NAMC. LOCKHEED Lockheed Aircraft Corporation, Bnrbank. California, USA. L.10 Design work began on the all-metal L.10 Electra. a twin-enginedeight to ten-passenger monoplane, in 1932. It was obviously inspired by the success of the first two "modern-type"" transports, the Boein? 247and Douglas DC-1 but. being smaller, it was not directly competitive. The Electra's first flight was on February 23. 1934. and the type wentinto service with North West Airways soon afterwards. It was later supplied to Pan American. Eastern, Braniff. Delta and others. A totalof 149 were built and 28 remain in service today with 11 operators. The Electra was succeeded by the L.12, L.14 and L.18 which werebuilt in considerable numbers before and during the War. A few of each of these types remain in airline service today. Fliehi reference: seeNovember 20, 1959. for data, L.049 The result of discussions in the summer of 1939, the Constella-tion owed something of its general layout to a four-engined, short-haul project, the L.44 Excalibur, but was much larger, being designed tocarry 40 passengers across North America non-stop. The first flight was made on January 9. 1943, and 73 of a military version were orderedby the US Army Air Force. It went into limited use in mid-1944, but the Constellation did not reach airline service until after the War—with TWA in February 1946. Thereafter, a total of 88 were built of the first version all of which had originally been ordered as militaryaircraft. Some 66 of these are still in service. The L.049 at first cost about 8700,000 (£170.000) but later this was increased to aboutS800.000 (£200.000). Current price is about £46,000. Powerplani: Four 2.200 h.p. Wright R-335O-CI8-BA-3s drivineHamilton Standard Hydromatic 33E60-41/6801A 15ft 2in propellers. Dimensions: Span, 123ft: length. 95ft 2in: height empty. 22ft 5in:wing area. 1.650 sq ft. Weights: Max take-off, 98,0001b; landing, 83,OOOlb; zero fuel.81.4641b; capacity paylo'id, 18.4231b; weight less fuel and payload, 60.3671b. Payload accommodation: Cabin volume. 3,000 cu ft; baggage andfreight volume, 434 cu ft; cabin length, 64ft 9in; max width, 10ft 8.6in; max height, 6ft 6in; max usable floor area. 561 sq ft; dimensions oflargest door. 2ft 3in 6ft; max seats, 81. Fuel capacity: 3.970 Imp gal (4.770 US gal).Performance: Corn cruising speed. 272kt (313 m.p.h.) at 20.000ft and 83,OOOIb; corres consumption. 370 Imp gal/hr; balanced fieldlength. 4.800ft; at SL, ISA 15 C. 5,016ft: at 5.000ft, ISA, 5.710ft: landing distance from 50ft, 4.050ft; range A (max payload). 1.970 n.m.(2.260 st.m.); range B (max fuel). 3,470 n.m. (4.000 st.m.); corres payload. 10.2831b; corres cruise speed. 235kt (270 m.p.h.). L.749 In 1946 Lockheed produced the first purely civil Constellation.This was the L.649 which had improved accommodation standards and was known as the "Gold Plate" Constellation. It flew for the first timeon October 19, 1946, and went into service with Eastern Air Lines in May 1947. The L.749 followed the 649. It was similar but hadmore fuel tankage. The first were delivered later in 1947 and many 649s were later converted to 749 standard. The 749A is the same basicaircraft but is cleared to operate at higher weights. A total of 145 L.649. 749 and 749As were built (plus 12 of a military version) and 123are still in service. New price in 1950 was S970.000 (£345.000). Current market price (L.749A): under £100.000. Powcrpl.mt: Four 2.500 h.p. Wright R-335O-C18-BDls drivingHamilton Standard Hydromatic 43E60/6801A 15ft 2in propellers. Dimensions: As L.049.Weights: Max take-off. 107,0001b; landing. 89,5001b; zero fuel, 86,4641b; capacity payload, 20,2761b; weight less fuel and payload,65,0741b. Payload accommodation: As L.049.Fuel capacity: 4,920 Imp gal (5,910 US gal). Performance: Cont cruising speed. 264kt (304 m.p.h.) at 20,000ft and104,0001b; corres fuel consumption. 385 Imp gal/hr: balanced field length, 4,850ft; at SL. ISA + 15 C, 5,100ft; at 5.000ft. ISA. 6,920ft;landing distance from 50ft, 4,670ft; range A (max payload), 3,300 n.m. (3,800 st.m.); range B (max fuel), 2,410 n.m. (4,840 st.m.); correspayload, 8,0261b; corres cruising speed, 23Okt (264 m.p.h.). L.1049C The prototype Super Constellation flew for the first time on October 13, 195O.-Jt had a fuselage 18ft longer, a max take-off weight raised to 129-,6$8Tb and was powered by up-rated engines of 2,700 h.p. giving a total increase of 800 h.p. The original production SuperConstellations were the L.I049s delivered to Eastern Air Lines and were put into service in November 1951; a total of 24 were built forEastern and TWA. Lockheed later received an order from the US Navy for a developed version of the Super Constellation to be poweredwith the new Wright R-3350 Turbo-Compound engine of 3.250 h.p. The civil version of the naval Super Constellation was known as theL.1049C and was ordered by TWA in 1950. It flew for the first time on February 17, 1953, and entered service in the following June. Itwas subsequently ordered by several other operators and was followed in production by the improved D and E versions. A total of 102L.1049/L.1049E were built (plus about 320 equivalent military models) and 87 are still in service with 12 airlines. New price in 1957 was$650,000 (£230.000). L.1049G The success of the 1049C, which had been the first civilaircraft with the 3.250 h.p. Wright Turbo-Compound engine, encouraged Lockheed to produce a series of further developments. The last and mostimportant were the 1049G and H. The "Super G," as it is widely known, first flew on December 7, 1954. and entered service in January1955 with Northwest Airlines. A total of 104 were subsequently built and 101 are still in service with 16 airlines. The 1049G is primarily along-haul aircraft, fitted with wing tip fuel tanks. The 1049H is a freighter version of which 53 were built; 50 are still in service with 12airlines. New price was SI,920.000 to 52,070,000 (£680,000 to £740,000). Current used asking price, £250.000. Powerplant: Four 3,400 h.p. Wright R-335O-972-TC-18-DA-3. EA-3or EA-6 Turbo-Compound engines driving Hamilton Standard Hydro- mat'c 15ft 2in propellers. Dimensions: Span. 123ft; length, 113ft 7in; height empty, 24ft 9.4in.Weights: Max take-off, 137,5001b; landing, 113,0001b; zero fuel, IO3.5OOIb; capacity payload, 24,2931b; weight less fuel and payload,79,2371b. Payload accommodation: Cabin volume, 4,800 cu ft; baggage andfreight volume, 694 cu ft; cabin length, 83ft 2 in; max width, 10ft 9in; max height. 6ft 6in; max usable floor area. 744 sq ft; dimensions oflargest door, 27in 72in; max seats, 99. Fuel capacity: 6.550 Imp gal (with tip tanks) (7,870 US gal).Performance: Cont cruising speed, 270kt (310 m.p.h.) at 20.000ft and 131,0001b; corres fuel consumption. 370 Imp gal/hr: balanced fieldlength, 5.800ft: at SL. ISA ; 15 C, 6,340ft; at 5,000ft. ISA, 7.800ft; landing distance from 50ft. 5.270ft; range A (max payload). 3,620n.m. (4,160 st.m.); range B (max fuel), 4,185 n.m. (4,810 st.m.); corres payload. 18.3151b: corres cruise speed, 243kt. L.1649A Lockheed decided in 1954 to produce a final development ofthe Constellation series which would have a similar, or greater, range than the Douglas DC-7C. Lockheed's modification of the Constellationconsisted of an entirely new wing of increased span and aspect ratio as well as a fuselage stretched a further 2ft 7in. The new aircraft, whichwas known as the L.1649A. flew for the first time on October 10. 1956. and went into service with TWA (as the Jetstream) in May 1957.Although the new wing gave the 1649 even more range than the DC-7C. the extra design work and the later start proved a serioushandicap and only 43 L.I649As were sold. There arc 42 in the hands of TWA, Lufthansa and Air France. The 1649A originally costabout S2.500,000 (£900.000) but this price was later reduced to S2.35O.OOO (£840.000). Flight reference: July 6. 1956. Powerplani: Four 3,400 h.p. Wright R-335O-TC-18-EA-2 Turbo-Com-pounds driving three-blade Curtiss C.634S-C602 16ft lOin propellers. Dimensions: Span 150ft; length. 116ft 1.6in; height empty. 23ft 4.8in;wing area, 1,850 sq ft. Weights: Max take-off, 160,0001b; landing. 123,0001b; zero fuel.116.0001b; capacity payload. 23.0001b; weight less fuel and payload. 91,8061b. Payload accommodation: Cabin volume. 4,875 cu ft; baggage andfreight volume. 593 cu ft; cabin length. 85ft 9in; max width. 10ft 9in; max height. 6ft 6in; max usable floor area. 744 sq ft; dimensions oflargest door, 27in - 72in; max seats, 99. Fuel capacity: 7,990 Imp gal (9,600 US gil).Performance: Com cruising speed, 281kt (323 m.p.h.) at 20,000ft and 123,0001b; corres fuel consumption, 417 Imp gal/hr; balanced fieldlength, 6.250ft; at SL. ISA - 15 C, 6.534ft; at 5.000ft, ISA. 8.280ft; landing distance from 50ft, 6.000ft; range A (max payload), 4.700 n.m.(5,400 st.m.); range B (max fuel), 5.460 n.m. (6,280 st.m.); corres payload. 10,7771b. L.188 Electra The Electra was designed to meet a specification issuedto the US aircraft industry in January 1955 by American Airlines. The Lockheed project was chosen, and American ordered 35 in June 1955.The specification called for a transport with optimum economics over short and medium'stages—a specification for what was loosely termed"a DC-6B replacement," and Lockheed's experience with the T56-
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