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Aviation History
1961
1961 - 1812.PDF
926 FLIGHT, 14 December 1961 Decca displays at Schiphol, Amsterdam Marconi SOOkW 50cm radar Type S.264A/H at RNAS Yeovilton incorporates range markers, bearing cursorand off-centre controls. Decca also manufacture AS MI (airfield sur-face movement indicator) radar for controlling and observing movement on the ground inpoor visibility. Range is eight miles, trans- mitting in Q-band at 15kW. Marconi's Wireless Telegraph Co Ltd offera wide range of high-performance radars in the 10, 25 and 50cm bands, each with its ownadvantages. In the 10cm (S-band) category, the Type S.3O6 offers good discrimination be-tween close targets, freedom from siting diffi- culties, and unattended operation, with fullremote control. A triple-pulse MTI perman- ent echo-cancellation system is fitted. The veryhigh peak-power of 3MW is a feature of this equipment, which operates on frequenciesbetween 2,700 and 3,3OOMc/s. For airports where the aerial must bemounted on the control tower, the Type S.263/1 is available in the 10cm range, withlightweight aerial capable of operation in wind -speeds up to 70 m.p.h. Peak power is over800kW; frequency 2,960-3,040Mc/s. One of the latest Marconi long-range sur-veillance radars is the Type S.247, comprising two high-power (2|-3MW) transmitters, oneat 10cm and one at 25cm, feeding a combined back-to-back aerial system. Together theygive continuous cover on targets up to 75,000ft, with provision for MTI, remote control, etc. Type S.255 utilizes the 25cm (L-band) sys-tem only, to give cover on small aircraft out to 200 miles. It is less affected by cloud andrain clutter than 10cm equipment, offers more efficient MTI characteristics and is capable ofconsiderably better overall performance. Peak power is 2.5MW. Marconi's 50cm radar sets combine all thefeatures of the 10 and 25cm types, with out- standing reliability and freedom from theeffects of weather and permanent echoes. The Type S.264A is a 500kW system developedfrom the equipment which has been used for some years at London Airport. The S.264A/Hhas a modified aerial providing increased vertical coverage at the expense of maximumrange. Most recent of the series is the S.307, which possesses all the qualities of the S.264Abut has improved definition and increased maximum range. All these radars are crystal-. controlled and can be used simultaneously on long-range surveillance or close control ofaircraft within the terminal area, using either nxed-coil or moving-coil PP1 displays and•video mapping if required. Marconi announced this year their new Decca transistorized display drive equipment SD.1015 display system, providing combinedraw and synthetic displays, and the SD.1016 tabular display for panels of letters and figures. Other Marconi radar sets range from theType S.261 mobile 50cm radar to the 3cm SNW.40 series, which have a range of up to45 n.m., with a peak power of 40-50kW and frequency of 9,360-9,460Mc/s. A recent Marconi development is a para-metric amplifier for use with the range of 50cm radars. It incorporates a fully coherentpump frequency which is crystal-locked to the radar and to a fully coherent MTI—the onlyone of its type in the world. The tube itself and its solenoid are manufactured by theEnglish Electric Valve Co. Aerial mountings and turning gear for sur-veillance radar are among the products of John Curran Ltd. Height-finding Radar From Marconi comes the Type S.239800k W 10cm height-finder, designed to oper- ate in conjunction with long-range surveillanceradars and with an accuracy of ± 500ft, at 50 n.m. Its parabolic reflector aerial "nods" tocover a vertical angle between —1° and -r25° ten times per minute, and transmits on a fixedfrequency in the 2,960-3,040Mc/s band. It is controlled from the elevation/scan displayconsole. The Type S.244 is more powerful, with anaccuracy of ± 1,700ft at 150 n.m. It has a peak output of 3MW in the 2,700-2,900Mc/sband and is capable of determining the abso- lute height of an aircraft above the ground orthe relative heights of two aircraft. It can also operate as a volumetric radar, providing bothheight and plan position information. Another highly-accurate long-range height-finder is the Decca HF.200. Like the Marconi S.244, this incorporates automatic limitationof the angle of nod when dealing with long- range targets, to avoid scanning useless air-space at high angles of elevation. Precision Approach System ILS is the main civil precision approach aid.Already in service for some time is the ILS manufactured by Pye Telecommunications Ltdand in worldwide service as a civil and military approach aid. It utilizes a uni-directionallocalizer and has full monitoring, self-correc- tion and stand-by equipment in accordancewith 1CAO specifications. Now standardized by five civil aviationauthorities is the STAN 7/8/9 ILS with localizer, glide-slope and marker beacon transmitters,designed by Standard Telephones and Cables Ltd for the MoA. It includes directional andclearance localizer aerials, which reduce siting problems. Many components, including thefail-safe monitors, are transistorized and a mechanical modulation system gives greaterstability and freedom from phase distortion. Both localizer and glide-path transmitters arefully monitored and automatic five-second change-over is provided between main andstandby transmitters. Now being used for automatic landing inthe RAF, and possibly to be installed at London Airport for BEA, is Leader Cable,for which the airborne and ground-based units have been produced by Murphy Radio Ltd.The cables are laid parallel with the runway Marconi display suite, incorporating tabular unit and combined raw/synthetic radar unit Cossor ground interrogator-responder for secondary surveillance radar at LAP Decca HF.200 height-finding radar centreline extended some 5,000ft beyond theend of the runway. In the Precision Approach Radar field, theSLA.3/B2, manufactured by Standard Tele- phones and Cables Ltd, provides the controllerwith three-dimensional information on ap- proaching aircraft on twin azimuth/range andelevation/range cathode-ray tubes. Installa- tions can be fixed or turntable-mounted tocover several runways. Airports at which SLA.3/B2 radar is in use include Hong Kongand Wellington, New Zealand, where the runways extend out to sea or are approachedover difficult terrain. Direction-finding and Beacon Equipment Ekco Electronics Ltd offer at an exception-ally low price (approximately £2.000) the CE.178 CRDF equipment with a range ofabout 100 miles for an aircraft flying at 10,000ft, and radiating 5W. Bearing indicationis given, with a maximum error of ±1.5° by a single radial line on a 6in cathode-raytube, which can be positioned up to 2 n.m, from the 250 r.p.m. Adcock aerial. Frequencyrange is 100-156Mc/s. Marconi produce a range of DF equipment.Types AD.210A and B provide visual, auto- matically sensed bearing indication on fourchannels simultaneously. They operate in the 100-156Mc/s band and can be integratedwith ground-to-air communications schemes to provide combined DF and voice facilitiesIn addition, airfield control radar of suitable type can be fed with DF intelligence fo>identification purposes. Five crystal-controlled frequencies are provided for each channelType AD.210C is a simple low-cost single- channel model. In all cases the master amslave display units can be sited remotely. Type AD.200 is a two-channel equipmerroperating in the 118-132Mc/s band, with loca or remote (up to 30 miles) instantaneous pre-sentation on an 8in diameter meter indicator It is suitable for fixer or homer stations an-
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