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Aviation History
1962
1962 - 0541.PDF
FLIGHT International, 12 April 1962 539 ESRO Centres Chosen The Netherlands has won the major national prize in the allocation of planned European Space Research Organization facilities, with the decision to locate the organiza- i ion's European Space Technology Centre (ESTeC) in Delft. The ESRO data centre (ESDaC) will be at Darmstadt, West Ger many, and the organization's headquarters will be set up in Paris. As already reported, a northern sounding-rocket range is to be established at Kiruna, Sweden. More Thors for USAF Total number of Thor IRBMs and space boosters purchased by the USAF is 290, following the sale of 18 Thor space boosters announced by Douglas on April 3. This order, it was stated, would extend the production of Thors at Santa Monica "well into 1963." Second US List for UN A second list of "objects launched into sustained orbit or beyond" by the United States was transmitted to the United Nations on April 3. Accompanying the list was a separate note giving details of the orbital flight by John Glenn on February 20. RUSSIA'S UN LIST Reproduced below is the table of Soviet spacecraft transmitted to the United Nations committee on the peaceful uses of outer space by Soviet acting psrmanent representative Platon D. Morozov on March 24. As briefly reported last week, the list covers 16 announced launchings, beginning with Sputnik 1, and confines itself to the main spacecraft, omitting the rocket-stage fragments and other associated objects which were included in the US list of March 5. A number of details are omitted from the Soviet list. Sputnik 8, the Earth satellite from which the Venus probe was launched, is not included; and trajectory data for the lunar and Venus probes are not given. Items contained in the US list (which was restricted to objects in orbit at the time the list was compiled) and omitted from the Russian list include launch vehicles and nodal periods. Two McDonnell Aircraft engineers, sitting-in as astronauts, give scale to the mock-up of the Gemini spacecraft which will be used in the follow- on programme to Project Mercury. A Mercury capsule is on the right In his accompanying letter Mr Morozov stated; "In the opinion of the Soviet Union, the information furnished to the United Nations for registration will be of real value if the countries con cerned will register now and will continue to register all the arti ficial satellites of the Earth placed in orbit and other objects launched into outer space. It is of great importance that, in addition to other data, the particulars furnished by States should include information on the purpose of the launching." SOVIET EARTH SATELLITES AND SPACECRAFT, 1957-42 Short name International designation No Name Purpose Date Perigee Apogee (km) (km) Inclina tion (deg) Sputnik I Sputnik 2 Sputnik 3 Lunik I Lunik 2 Lunik 3 Sputnik 4 (Spaceship I) Sputnik 5 (Spaceship 2) Sputnik 6 (Spaceship 3) Sputnik 7 Venus probe Sputnik 9 (Spaceship 4) Sputnik 10 (Spaceship 5) Sputnik 11 (Vostok 1) Sputnik 12 (Vostok 2) Sputnik 13 (Cosmos 1) 1957 Alpha 1957 Beta 1958 Delta 1959Theta I960 Epsilon I960 Lambda 1960 Rho 1961 Beta 1961 Gamma 1961 Theta 1961 lota 1961 Mu 196! Tau 1962 Theta I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 I! 12 13 14 15 16 first satellite second satellite third satellite first space rocket second space rocket third space rocket first spaceship second spaceship third spaceship heavy satellite space rocket towards Venus fourth spaceship fifth spaceship spaceship satellite Vostok (The East) spaceship satellite Vostok 2 (The East 2) satellite launching of first-ever artificial satellite of the Earth; physical study of the atmosphere study of the physical processes and conditions of life in outer space research into the upper atmosphere and in outer space attainment of escape velocity and exploration of interplanetary space impacting on the Moon; delivery of a pennant to the surface of the Moon, and research during flight to the Moon placing an interplanetary station in orbit around the Moon; photographing the surface on the far side of the Moon; exploring outer space. development and checking of the main systems of the spaceship satellite which ensure its safe flight and control in flight, return to Earth and conditions needed for a man in flight development of systems ensuring man's life functions and safety in flight and his return to Earth medical and biological research under space flight conditions development of heavier spacecraft checking of methods of setting space objects on an interplanetary course; checking of extra-long- range communications with and control of a space station; more accurate calculation of the dimen sions of the solar system; a number of physical investigations in space development of the design of the spaceship satellite and of the systems on board which ensure neces sary conditions for man's flight. development of the design of the spaceship satellite and of the systems on board designed to ensure man's life functions during flight in outer space and return to Earth placing in orbit around the Earth of the first-ever spaceship satellite with a man on board investigation of the effects on the human organism of a prolonged flight in orbit and subsequent return to the surface of the Earth; investigation of man's ability to work during a prolongedjperiod of weightlessness investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space; development of elements in the design of spacecraft 4 Oct 57 3 Nov 57 15 May 58 2 Jan 59 12 Sep 59 4 Oct 59 15 May 60 19 Aug 60 I Dec 60 4 Feb 61 12 Feb 61 9 Mar 61 25 Mar 61 12 Apl 61 6 Aug 61 16 Mar 62 227 225 226 312 306 187.3 223.5 183.5 178.1 181 178 217 947 1,671 1,881 369 339 265 327.6 248.8 247 327 257 980 65.1 65.3 65.2 65 64.95 65 64.95 64.93 64.9 64.95 64.93 49 Perigee, apogee and inclination described as "main characteristics of orbit according to corrected data.' First two columns added by"Flight International."
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