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Aviation History
1962
1962 - 1638.PDF
304 FLIGHT International, 30 August 196: At the Moscow University press conference: (from the left) Yuri Gagarin, Andrian Nikolayev, Mstislov Keldysh and Pavel Popovich Missiles and Spaceflight (C GROUP SPACE FLIGHT" DESCRIBED *' Mtl O fundamental difference" between Vostoks3 and4 and those 1^1 of Gagarin and Titov; descent of Maj Nikolayev and Lt- Col Popovich by parachute after ejection from their space craft; and identification of "glowing particles" as exhaust matter from the rocket motors, were among the items of information dis closed at a press conference at Moscow University on August 21. The speakers included the two cosmonauts and leading Soviet scientists; their comments included the following extracts:— Mstislav Keldysh, President of the Soviet Academy of Sciences: For 71 hours the cosmonaut-pilots Andrian Nikolayev and Pavel Popovich carried out a joint flight in space, covering during that time a distance exceeding almost three times that from the Earth to the Moon and back. During his unequalled flight, begun on August 11, 1962, at 11.30 Moscow time, comrade Nikolayev flew over 2,600,000km and flew around the Earth over 64 times. The remarkable flight by comrade Popovich was begun on August 12, 1962, at 11.02 Moscow time, and he flew over 2m km and circled the Earth more than 48 times. Having fully carried out the flight programme, the cosmonaut-pilots landed safely, with high precision, almost simultaneously, in an area to the south of Karaganda, each at a spot determined in advance by calculation . . . The flights of Andrian Nikolayev and Pavel Popovich in the Vostok 3 and Vostok 4 spaceships mark a new, notable stage on this road which brings us closer to the implementation of interplanetary flights. The group flight of the spaceships is of great significance for the development of interplanetary stations, for the creation of spaceships and for the conquest of interplanetary routes. The completion of a group space flight lasting several days de manded the creation of perfected spaceships; perfected control systems for the spaceships made it possible to carry out all the flight programmes with precision. All the systems of the spaceships func tioned particularly smoothly on the most complex sections of the flight. The spaceships were put into their orbits with unusual accuracy, and the descent was carried out flawlessly. The space ships Vostok 3 and Vostok 4 carried advanced radio communi cations systems and systems of television. The prolonged flight programme enabled the spacemen to leave their seats and float about the cabin, and during these periods they were able to perform all sorts of operations. While floating about their cabin, the space pilots were able to maintain radio communi cation by means of a special system of cabin loudspeakers and microphones and this made it possible to maintain practically invariable audibility of their converation on the ground and in turn enabled them to hear ground communication continuously from any point of the cabin. The long duration of the flight, the two-way conversations of the cosmonauts and the high intensity of the radio communications between them and the ground have provided a wealth of data on the propagation of radio waves and the organization of radio com munications with several spaceships at the same time. These long space flights are made possible by the creation of advanced spaceships of the type of Vostok 3 and Vostok 4 and by special measures. Thanks to these measures the weightless condition and the effect of other space factors did not impair the capacity of the space pilots' work and did not prevent Nikolayev and Popovich from coping fully with their flight programme. Andrian Nikolayev: The spaceship satellites Vostok 3 and Vostok 4 are more advanced and more comfortable than the Vostok and
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