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Aviation History
1962
1962 - 1878.PDF
382 FLIGHT International, 6 September 1962 AIR COMMERCE. .. abandoned, possibly due to the lengthy development time required. Wing trailing-edge control surfaces appear to be split into two per side, the inner portions being lift-flaps which, in view of the absence of foreplanes, suggest some other device for trimming—a device which might also be used for pitch-control in view of the short elevator moment-arm about the undercarriage. Possible use of part of the underfloor cabin space for fuel tanks in the long- range version suggests the solution of many problems previously considered insurmountable. Aircraft-mile costs will have to be some 50 per cent less than those of subsonic jet airliners for com parable seat-mile costs. Propulsion Depending upon whom one talks to [writes the Technical Editor] the propulsion of the Mach 2.2 transport appears either to be a technological challenge of the first magnitude or a task which can be readily performed by a slight modification of a well- proven existing engine. There have really been only three companies seriously contending for the propulsion of the Anglo-French SST: Pratt & Whitney Aircraft, in conjunction with SNECMA; Bristol Siddeley Engines, again in conjunction with SNECMA; and Rolls- Royce, doubtless in collaboration with Hispano Suiza. Although no official announcement has yet been made, it appears almost certain that the successful candidate is Bristol Siddeley. This company has been in the fortunate position of having an engine which almost exactly meets the propulsion requirements of the BAC-Sud design. After exhaustive research into various arrangements of turbofans (both with and without reheat in the hot and/or fan ducts), and even into such unlikely schemes as combinations of gas turbines and ramjets, Bristol Siddeley have for at least two years been firmly of the opinion that the correct choice for the present project is a straight turbojet, and the Olympus ICAO'S VOICE A LOSS by the world's airlines of $100m in 1961 compared with profits of $70m in 1960 and $105m in 1959 was the disastrous effect of rapid civil aviation expansion since the last assembly of ICAO. These facts were presented by Mr Walter Binaghi, president of the council of the International Civil Aviation Organization, in his report to the tri-annual assembly held last month in Rome. During the period under review the capacity offered increased by 46 per cent with the introduction of 609 jet aircraft compared with a gain of 38 per cent in passenger-miles performed. Mr Binaghi mentioned in his report that as far back as 1958 ICAO foresaw what was going to happen when it prophesied a load factor of 52.7 per cent for 1961. In point of fact last year the load factor was even lower at 51.6 per cent. On the subject of safety, Mr Binaghi remarked that the record for scheduled services was more or less unchanged whereas the record for jets was good; but the small numbers in service made it difficult to say that they were better than the propeller-driven aircraft. ICAO's main objective now is to prevent a similar situation recurring with the introduction of supersonic airliners. As a first step towards achieving this the Council will endeavour to persuade member governments to force their airlines to accept three basic points for supersonic airliner introduction: (1) that the aircraft can be profitably operated; (2) that the effect of noise should not cause annoyance to people near airports or beneath its track; and (3) that the aircraft should not require further extensive investment in airport development. Speeches by various delegates during the following week dis played the different national feelings towards the SST. Perhaps because of their country's remote geographical position, the Austra lian delegation urged ICAO to plan boldly for the SST, though many nations voiced concern at the probable cost of supporting ground organizations. The Assembly has elected Signor Egidio Ortona of Italy as its chairman. Deputy chairmen are Mr Z. Beydoun of the Lebanon, Mr V. J. Delascio of Venezuela, Mr F. E. Ossor of Nigeria, and and Mr C. Measketh of Cambodia. The Assembly also elected the following committee chairmen: Mr S. J. Mantoya of Nicaragua (technical); Mr H. Winberg of Sweden (economic); Mr D. J. Medley of Australia (administrative); Mr R. P. Boyle of the United States (legal). meets the bill admirably. An advanced supersonic version of this two-spool engine has been under intensive development for the British Aircraft Corporation's TSR.2. Details of this engine, the 22R, are naturally subject to military security, but it is clear!, derived from the 20,0001b Olympus 301 and has a fully variable afterburner giving a peak static thrust of the order of 3 3,0001 b. This engine first flew beneath a Vulcan test-bed last February. From the 22R has been evolved the projected Olympus 593 to suit the requirements of the BAC-Sud SST. More than half of this engine will have components common to the Olympus 22R, but the fact that the civil engine will have dry ratings in the 28,000- 29,0001b class indicates that its mass flow will be greater, and the elimination of the need to withstand Ml-i- at sea level will reduce engine weight. Cooled blades will obviously be necessary, and BS have achieved extensive experience with cooled blades on several types of turbojet, one of which runs at a turbine entry temperature hotter than that of the Olympus 593. Limited or full reheat will be incorporated, the latter being required only for acceleration to supersonic speed at the exceptional height of 48,000ft. Acceleration could take place lower down without reheat, but ground noise would be severe. Take-off noise of the proposed BAC-Sud airliner with four Olympus 593s with unsilenced variable nozzles is estimated at 99 PNdb on an optimum climb-out at 4.2 miles. The installed engine will be enclosed in a sleeve, apparently of square section, inside which a secondary airflow will provide cooling and fire protection. Intake conditions appropriate to those in cruising flight have been simulated during bench testing. The potential market for the engine is put at 400 to 500. Should the French and British Governments agree to go ahead with the programme, the 593 would receive an MoA development contract, while production would be split roughly 60-40 between BS and SNECMA under an agreement recently signed. An industrial Olympus, cleared to burn natural gas, will shortly be in service. THE BOARD'S NO-SHOW-FINE PROPOSALS IN the August 29 issue of Civ/7 Aviation Licensing Notices the Air Transport Licensing Board publishes its proposals for authorizing airlines to impose no-show charges, cancellation fees and booking deposits on passengers on UK domestic routes. If after expiry of a "ticketing time limit" a provisional reservation is cancelled by a passenger, his booking deposit (of not less than £1) must be forfeited by the passenger. A cancellation charge (equal to the deposit or not less than £1) can, it is proposed, be imposed when a passenger cancels a firm reservation not later than six hours before departure. There will be no charges for cancellations made more than two months before departure. On the controversial question of no-show charges it is proposed that a passenger who fails to cancel prior to six hours before depar ture will be liable to a charge equal to the fare, subject to a maximum specified by the airline but not less than £5. There would be no charge on a no-show passenger if he could produce a doctor's certificate to show why he could not take up his reservation. There are no proposals for airlines to compensate passengers who may be over-booked. Herald Correction The news-item " Heralds for Bolivia" in last week's issue was based on information erroneously attributed to Handley Page Ltd. No such order has in fact been placed. Boeing 727 Roll-out is scheduled for mid-November, with first flight in January. YS-11 Flies Japan's NAMC YS-11 transport (two Rolls-Royce Dart 10s) made a successful 56-min maiden flight on August 30. Himalayan Accidents A Pilatus Porter carrying six people failed to arrive at Dhorpatan on August 27 during a flight from Pokhra. Western Nepal. The party were on their way to investigate the August 1 crash of a Royal Nepal Airlines DC-3, which killed all ten people on board. Colombian DC-3 Accident A burst tyre apparently caused the crash of a Taxader DC-3 during take-off at Barranca Bermeia Airport on August 23. The DC-3 collided with a helicopter and both aircraft were a total loss. The airliner caught fire and 20 of the 32 people on board were killed. Ten of the survivors were serioucb injured.
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