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Aviation History
1963
1963 - 0943.PDF
914 FLIGHT International, 13 June 1963 SNECMA are developing the TF-106 reheat turbofan from a basic engine of Pratt & Whitney Aircraft design. Right, a selection of P & WA's own compressor or fan blades: JT3D-7, JTFIO, J-type (SST research), JT4, JT8D, JTI2 (research) and JTI2 PARIS REPORT SPACE run on an engine, and inspection shows that most of its length is taken up by the need to open out the diameter to about twice the area of the engine delivery; the distance required for combustion of the reheat fuel is much less than in earlier Avon installations. There are five fuel manifold rings, two having nozzles pointing inwards and outwards, and combustion is stabilized by four gutter rings. The nozzle is formed by no fewer than 70 eyelid petals, each having a curved cam riding on a positioning ring moved by four pneumatic rams. I urbomcea continue to wring seemingly impossible powers from their small turbines, and there seems little doubt that the Oredon, originally planned for some 250 h.p., will eventually reach about 400 h.p. The Oredon III, first of the family to be exhibited, is on view at Le Bourget in turboshaft form, rated at 296 h.p. and weighing 1321b, and as a turboprop rated at 313 s.h.p. and weighing 1431b. Time between overhauls is provisionally set at 750hr. The Astazou X is now on view rated at 666 s.h.p. for a consumption of 3391b/hr and weighing 2811b. The Astazou X drives a new Ratier- Figeac four-blade propeller, and is "being considered for the Potez 840." Astazou X development is expected to yield a turbo prop with a rating of 715 s.h.p. and specific consumption of 0.522. Another newcomer is the Bi-Bastan twin unit for helicopters, flying successfully in the Sud-built S-58 and possible winner of production orders sufficient to re-engine all the S-58 (H34) and Boeing-Vertol H-21 helicopters of the Armee de Terre. Apart from a mock-up of the Concord nozzle (less revealing than the illustration shown on p. 912), SNECMA's chief exhibits in the powerplant field are a sectioned Atar 09C and a TF-106 (definitely not sectioned). The Atar is well known, and continues in high-rate production for various Dassault machines: Atar 08 for the Etendard IVM, Atar 09B3 for Mirage IIIC and the SAAF Mirage fflCJ, Atar 09C for Mirage HIE and IIIR and Swiss Mirage HIS and IIIBS and RAAF Mirage IIIO, and the 09K for all Mirage IVA bombers from the third onwards. The TF-106 is based upon the Pratt & Whitney JTF-10 turbofan, modified by SNECMA with changed blading in the fan and low-pressure com pressor and equipped with a wholly French afterburner and con vergent/divergent variable nozzle. Extensive bench running has been carried out at Melun, one engine has been hung under an Armagnac for flight trials and a small production series is coming through the works for the Mirage HIV and IIITj and IIIT2. Ratings are: dry, 11,6401b; full reheat in both cold and hot flows, 20,5401b. Mach limits are given as 1.2 at sea level and 2.3 at altitude. General Electric's Small Aircraft Engine Department at Lynn are now well on the way to completing development of the CF700 aft-fan conversion of the J85/CJ610 turbojet. This fan is the only one in its class (4,2001b thrust), and it is being sought after by such builders of light jet transports as Hawker Siddeley, GAM Dassault, Heinkel, Hamburger Flugzeugbau and Messerschmitt. The firm carried out an unofficial FAA 150hr test over two years ago, but development was dropped through lack of a firm market. Since then the only application has been as powerplant of the Bell lunar-landing simulator, in which perfect response to throttle is needed as well as high reliability, because the idea of a NASA astronaut being injured or killed in a rig of this kind would cause a nation-wide scandal. In March GE finally persuaded the USAF to finance completion of military development "for the shelf," and the company are putting their own money in to provide a certificated civil engine. AT the 1962 SBAC Show one might have commented that there was no special display of space research, despite the very substantial work being done in this sphere by the Ministry of Aviation and the Office of the Minister for Science, the GPO, the universities and the aircraft industry (nobody could call the SBAC an "aerospace" industry without feeling a trifle self-conscious). The French suffer from no such inhibitions, and the visitor to the 25th Salon finds the word Vespace in the title of the Salon and in that of the organization which sponsors it (counterpart of the SBAC). The visitor also finds a vast Pavilion de VEspace. Inside are hundreds of pieces of hardware, systems and components, models and displays of every kind; outside are further exhibits, too big to bring inside; and every bit "conceived and realized in France." It is worth listing the exhibits to show their scope and character:— EXTERIOR Diamant satellite-launcher (Delegation Ministerielle pour rArme- ment: Nord-Aviation, Sud-Aviation, under the direction of SEREB); Vesta sounding rocket (DMA: LRBA/DEFA); Belier sounding rocket (Sud-Aviation); Centaure sounding rocket (Sud-Aviation); Dragon sounding rocket (Sud-Aviation); and mobile tracking unit (CNET). INTERNAL Rockets (DMA) Cutaway model of Veronique (LRBA); ogival head of Veronique with instrumentation for ballistic studies, and control desk; Rubis sounding rocket (Sud-Aviation, directed by SEREB); Diamant third stage (Sud-Aviation); and research satellite Diamant, for ballistic studies preceding Diamant scientific payloads (Matra, directed by SEREB). Satellites Model of FR-1 (CNES/CNET); model of Solar tempera ture satellite (ONERA); model of Genevieve synchronous TV station (SNECMA); model of Phaeton electric-propulsion satellite (SEPR). Vehicle technology Rocket element (Sud-Aviation); Dragon first- stage rolled-strip casing (Sud-Aviation); photographs of vehicle test and study methods (Sud-Aviation); rocket studies (SNECMA); solid-fuel generator for LRBA first stage of Diamant (SNECMA); ablative and erosion-resistant carbons and synthetic resins and components (Carbone Lorraine); hybrid solid/liquid motors (ONERA); space simulation display (ONERA); model of space chamber at CNES Bretigny (SEA- VOM); chamber instrumentation (SOPEMEA); Emma meteorological rocket (Matra); and structural joints (Joint Francais). Separate mag netometer (Cie des Compteurs) for attitude sensing. Ground installations Working model of IR TV (CSF); interferometer for trajectory determination (CSF); ceramic and refractory-metal assembly (CSF); variety of electronic exhibits (CSF, CFTH/Varian/ SOGEV &c, SACM, CGE, TRT and others). Guidance Airborne digital computer (SAGEM); inertial platform for satellite launcher (SAGEM); accelerometers (SFENA); gas-driven motor (Air-Equipement); and thrust-vector control system (Air- Equipement). CNET Wide range of exhibits, including hardware flown on Vero- niques, VLF systems for FR-1 flown on NASA Aerobees, and display by Pleumeur-Bodou comsat station. Lasers Special demonstrations of devices including 1.15(x He/Ne (CFTH/DSER), 0.6328|x He/Ne (LCT), u.6943fz ruby of several MW power (CSF), and optical DME telemetry (CGE). Instruments Twenty-sis exhibits, including satellite payload structure for FR-2 and stabilization studies (Dassault), inertial stabilization and orientation and an electric generator heated by radioisotopes (Hispano- Suiza), star and Sun seekers and attitude control nozzles (Air-Equipe ment), and various solar cells, batteries (some using low-temperature combustion) and thermo-ionic converters. CERMA Space medicine, including Veronique compartments for a
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